Table 3.
Effects of FOS, ANWB-F and ANWB-N on the counts of selected bacterial groups at 10 and 24 h in the batch fermentation assay (Least-square mean values with their standard errors).
| Compound | Time Point | Bacterial Group (logGCN/g Faeces) | Compound Concentration (mg/mL) | SEM | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | |||||
| FOS | 10 h | Total bacteria | 8.69 a | 9.13 ab | 9.54 b | 9.49 b | 0.149 | 0.017 |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.64 | 8.71 | 8.74 | 8.78 | 0.080 | 0.703 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.39 | 6.48 | 6.72 | 6.70 | 0.080 | 0.053 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 7.73 | 7.79 | 8.08 | 7.67 | 0.145 | 0.284 | ||
| 24 h | Total bacteria | 9.63 | 9.78 | 9.77 | 9.95 | 0.112 | 0.321 | |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.69 | 8.76 | 8.69 | 8.77 | 0.106 | 0.923 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.68 | 6.69 | 6.68 | 6.79 | 0.048 | 0.323 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 7.75 | 7.64 | 7.60 | 7.30 | 0.260 | 0.659 | ||
| ANWB-F | 10 h | Total bacteria | 8.92 | 9.31 | 9.36 | 9.41 | 0.206 | 0.374 |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.60 | 8.79 | 8.71 | 8.68 | 0.094 | 0.577 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.42 | 3.70 | 1.80 | U/D | 1.357 | 0.057 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 7.58 | 7.75 | 7.70 | 7.54 | 0.098 | 0.447 | ||
| 24 h | Total bacteria | 9.48 | 9.82 | 9.84 | 9.97 | 0.162 | 0.268 | |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.68 | 8.75 | 8.76 | 8.76 | 0.104 | 0.938 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.87 b | 5.92 b | 1.57 a | U/D a | 0.718 | 0.001 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 7.99 | 8.10 | 7.83 | 7.68 | 0.150 | 0.297 | ||
| ANWB-N | 10 h | Total bacteria | 8.12 | 9.00 | 8.99 | 9.13 | 0.228 | 0.055 |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.62 | 8.75 | 8.70 | 8.52 | 0.080 | 0.290 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.39 b | 6.46 b | 1.64 a | U/D a | 0.826 | 0.002 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 6.99 | 7.09 | 7.08 | 6.90 | 0.108 | 0.603 | ||
| 24 h | Total bacteria | 8.95 a | 9.58 b | 9.69 b | 9.67 b | 0.127 | 0.013 | |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 8.66 ab | 8.82 b | 8.82 b | 8.60 a | 0.047 | 0.030 | ||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 6.79 c | 5.03 b | U/D a | U/D a | 0.235 | <0.001 | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae | 7.26 b | 7.58 c | 7.51 bc | 6.83 a | 0.077 | 0.001 | ||
FOS, fructooligosaccharides; ANWB-F, whole A. nodosum biomass sample harvested in February; ANWB-N, whole A. nodosum biomass sample harvested in November; logGCN/g faeces, log transformed gene copy number per gram faeces; U/D, undetectable. a,b,c Mean values within a row with different superscript letter were significantly different (p < 0.05).