Table 1.
General characteristics of the subjects included in global and by sex.
| Global (2475) | Men (1524) | Women (951) | p Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyles | Mean or N | SD or (%) | Mean or N | SD or (%) | Mean or N | SD or (%) | |
| Years of smoker, (years) | 31.66 | 12.82 | 31.95 | 12.78 | 30.74 | 12.92 | 0.113 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 710 | (28.7) | 486 | (31.9) | 224 | (23.7) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, (gr/W) | 71.87 | 116.74 | 102.01 | 132.71 | 23.58 | 58.86 | <0.001 |
| Risk consumption, n (%) | 334 | (13.5) | 284 | (18.6) | 50 | (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Total FA, (METs/m/W) | 2462 | 2495 | 2864 | 2815 | 1817 | 1683 | <0.001 |
| Sedentary, n (%) | 2127 | (85.9) | 1269 | (83.3) | 858 | (90.2) | <0.001 |
| MD, (total score) | 5.18 | 1.73 | 5.09 | 1.78 | 5.32 | 1.63 | 0.002 |
| Adherence MD, n (%) | 1295 | (52.4) | 781 | 51.2) | 514 | 54.0) | 0.186 |
| DQI, (total score) | 38.71 | 3.07 | 38.61 | 3.15 | 38.88 | 2.93 | 0.028 |
| Adherence DQI, n (%) | 1358 | (54.9) | 803 | (52.7) | 555 | (58.9) | 0.005 |
| Conventional Risk Factors | |||||||
| Age, (years) | 61.34 | 7.70 | 61.11 | 8.11 | 61.70 | 7.00 | 0.066 |
| SBP, (mmHg) | 137.25 | 17.37 | 139.09 | 17.05 | 134.32 | 17.48 | <0.001 |
| DBP, (mmHg) | 84.58 | 10.23 | 85.67 | 10.44 | 82.84 | 9.63 | <0.001 |
| BP, (mmHg) | 52.66 | 14.16 | 53.40 | 14.19 | 51.47 | 14.04 | 0.001 |
| MBP, (mmHg) | 101.89 | 11.21 | 103.23 | 11.17 | 99.74 | 10.95 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1795 | (72.5) | 1172 | (76.9) | 623 | (65.5) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 1272 | (51.4) | 786 | (50.4) | 504 | (53.0) | 0.215 |
| Total cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 225.53 | 41.07 | 220.39 | 38.92 | 233.77 | 43.05 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 139.88 | 34.97 | 138.34 | 34.26 | 142.32 | 35.96 | 0.006 |
| HDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 49.81 | 13.03 | 47.89 | 11.96 | 52.90 | 14.04 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, (mg/dl) | 146.21 | 96.48 | 150.99 | 105.90 | 138.59 | 78.63 | 0.001 |
| No-HDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 175.74 | 40.74 | 172.54 | 38.34 | 180.86 | 43.84 | <0.001 |
| Atherogenic index, (mg/dL) | 4.76 | 1.31 | 4.82 | 1.30 | 4.67 | 1.34 | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1664 | (67.2) | 969 | (63.6) | 695 | (73.2) | <0.001 |
| Lipid–lowering drugs, n (%) | 717 | (29.0) | 419 | (27.5) | 298 | (31.3) | 0.045 |
| FPG, (mg/dL) | 107.98 | 34.83 | 107.76 | 33.90 | 108.35 | 36.29 | 0.683 |
| HbA1c, (%) | 6.12 | 1.18 | 6.06 | 1.12 | 6.21 | 1.26 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 842 | (34.0) | 493 | (32.3) | 349 | (36.7) | 0.029 |
| Hypoglycaemic drugs, n (%) | 511 | (20.6) | 289 | (19.0) | 222 | (23.3) | 0.009 |
| Height, (cm) | 164.56 | 9.27 | 169.69 | 6.78 | 156.34 | 6.36 | <0.001 |
| Weight, (kg) | 79.41 | 14.67 | 83.81 | 13.52 | 72.36 | 13.67 | <0.001 |
| WC, (cm) | 100.95 | 11.68 | 102.94 | 10.52 | 97.76 | 12.69 | <0.001 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 29.26 | 4.52 | 29.06 | 3.95 | 29.59 | 5.28 | 0.004 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 897 | (26.2) | 510 | (33.5) | 387 | (40.7) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 1546 | (62.8) | 797 | (52.6) | 749 | (79.3) | <0.001 |
| Plasma creatine, (mg/dL) | 0.85 | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.24 | 0.71 | 0.13 | <0.001 |
| GFR, (mL/min/1,73 m2) | 87.47 | 14.21 | 86.79 | 14.87 | 88.56 | 13.02 | 0.003 |
| CVR SCORE scale, (%) | 3.55 | 2.73 | 4.48 | 2.93 | 2.05 | 1.40 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |||||||
| Renal disease, n (%) | 2 | (0.1) | 2 | (0.1) | 0 | 0.00 | 0.526 |
| Peripheral arteriopathy, n (%) | 13 | (0.5) | 11 | (0.7) | 2 | (0.2) | 0.150 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 12 | (0.5) | 11 | (0.7) | 1 | (0.1) | 0.036 |
| Vascular function | |||||||
| baPWV, (m/s) | 14.87 | 2.63 | 14.82 | 2.65 | 14.93 | 2.60 | 0.313 |
| baPWV yes Adherence MD, (m/s) | 14.80 | 2.49 | 14.70 | 2.48 | 14.95 | 2.52 | 0.068 |
| baPWV non-Adherence MD, (m/s) | 14.93 | 2.78 | 14.96 | 2.83 | 14.90 | 2.69 | 0.760 |
| baPWV yes Adherence DQI (m/s) | 14.77 | 2.71 | 14.74 | 2.70 | 14.85 | 2.72 | 0.752 |
| baPWV non-Adherence DQI, (m/s) | 14.94 | 2.57 | 15.08 | 2.52 | 14.78 | 2.71 | 0.114 |
Continuous variables are shown as mean ± standard deviation. The categorical variables are shown as a number and percentage. Risk alcohol consumption in women and men was ≥140 and ≥210 g/week, respectively. Individuals were considered sedentary if the moderate physical activity performed was <675 MET-minutes/week or the intense physical activity was <420 MET-minutes/week. Definitions are from the American Heart Association, 2007. Adherence MD ≥ 5. Adherence DQI ≥ 39. N: number; SD: standard deviation; gr/W: grams/week; FA: physical activity; METs/m/W: basal metabolic rate/minute/week; MD: Mediterranean diet; DQI: diet quality index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BP: pulse pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; LDL: low–density lipoprotein; HDL: high–density lipoprotein; FPG: fasting plasma glucosa; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; CVR: cardiovascular risk; GFR: glomerular filtration; baPWV: Brachial-Ankle pulse wave velocity. p value: differences between men and women.