Table 2.
General characteristics of the subjects included by vascular ageing.
| Without EVA | (2210) | With EVA | (265) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyles | Mean or N | SD or (%) | Mean or N | SD or (%) | |
| Years of smoker, (years) | 31.60 | 12.70 | 32.27 | 14.02 | 0.555 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 652 | (29.5) | 58 | (21.9) | 0.010 |
| Alcohol, (gr/W) | 70.75 | 111.72 | 81.28 | 152.23 | 0.276 |
| Risk consumption, n (%) | 296 | (13.4) | 38 | (14.3) | 0.636 |
| Total FA, (METs/m/W) | 2461 | 2449 | 2464 | 2861 | 0.986 |
| Sedentary, n (%) | 1893 | (85.7) | 234 | (88.9) | 0.263 |
| MD, (total score) | 5.20 | 1.721 | 4.98 | 1.771 | 0.056 |
| Adherence MD, n (%) | 1172 | (53.0) | 123 | (46.4) | 0.044 |
| DQI, (total score) | 38.78 | 3.04 | 38.11 | 3.21 | 0.001 |
| Adherence DQI, n (%) | 1233 | (55.8) | 125 | (47.2) | 0.009 |
| Conventional Risk Factors | |||||
| Age, (years) | 61.24 | 7.737 | 62.13 | 7.397 | 0.076 |
| SBP, (mmHg) | 135.57 | 16.15 | 151.27 | 20.57 | <0.001 |
| DBP, (mmHg) | 84.00 | 9.92 | 89.40 | 11.42 | <0.001 |
| BP, (mmHg) | 51.56 | 13.38 | 61.88 | 16.86 | <0.001 |
| MBP, (mmHg) | 100.94 | 10.62 | 109.77 | 12.83 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1554 | (70.3) | 241 | (90.9) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 1113 | (50.4) | 159 | (60.0) | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 226.20 | 41.03 | 219.96 | 40.99 | 0.019 |
| LDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 140.78 | 34.92 | 132.35 | 34.61 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 49.80 | 12.93 | 49.88 | 13.80 | 0.928 |
| Triglycerides, (mg/dL) | 144.43 | 91.44 | 161.23 | 130.80 | 0.008 |
| No-HDL cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 176.42 | 40.68 | 170.08 | 40.84 | 0.017 |
| Atherogenic index, (mg/dL) | 4.78 | 1.32 | 4.63 | 1.27 | 0.090 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1496 | (67.7) | 168 | (63.4) | 0.166 |
| Lipid–lowering drugs, n (%) | 635 | (28.7) | 82 | (30.9) | 0.474 |
| FPG, (mg/dL) | 121.04 | 42.47 | 106.42 | 33.474 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, (%) | 6.06 | 1.14 | 6.59 | 1.36961 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 710 | (32.1) | 132 | (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycaemic drugs, n (%) | 413 | (18.7) | 98 | (37.0) | <0.001 |
| Height, (cm) | 164.64 | 9.240 | 163.86 | 9.545 | 0.0198 |
| Weight, (kg) | 79.50 | 14.72 | 78.61 | 14.29 | 0.349 |
| WC, (cm) | 100.87 | 11.78 | 101.60 | 10.80 | 0.340 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 29.27 | 4.53 | 29.21 | 4.37 | 0.848 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 800 | (36.2) | 97 | (36.6) | 0.893 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 1371 | (62.5) | 175 | (66.0) | 0.256 |
| Plasma creatine, (mg/dL) | 0.85 | 0.19 | 0.89 | 0.4168872 | 0.004 |
| GFR, (mL/min/1,73 m2) | 87.63 | 13.85 | 86.13 | 16.86132 | 0.104 |
| CVR SCORE scale, (%) | 3.41 | 2.59 | 4.66 | 3.48391 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Renal disease, n (%) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arteriopathy | 0 | (0.0) | 13 | (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 0 | (0.0) | 12 | (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Vascular function | |||||
| baPWV, (m/s) | 14.32 | 1.93 | 19.46 | 3.21 | <0.001 |
Continuous variables are shown as mean ± standard deviation. The categorical variables are shown as number and percentage. Risk alcohol consumption in women and men was ≥140 and ≥210 g/week, respectively. Individuals were considered sedentary if the moderate physical activity performed was <675 MET-minutes/week or the intense physical activity was <420 MET-minutes/week. Definitions are from the American Heart Association, 2007. Adherence MD ≥ 5. Adherence DQI ≥ 39. N: number; SD: standard deviation; gr/W: grams/week; FA: physical activity; METs/m/W: basal metabolic rate/minute/week; MD: Mediterranean diet; DQI: diet quality index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BP: pulse pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; LDL: low–density lipoprotein; HDL: high–density lipoprotein; FPG: fasting plasma glucosa; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; CVR: cardiovascular risk; GFR: glomerular filtration; baPWV: Brachial-Ankle pulse wave velocity. p value: differences between men and women.