AMPK	5’-Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase
Akt	Protein Kinase B
AGEs	Advanced Glycation End Products
Ang	Angiotensin II
ARBs	Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
ARE	Antioxidant response element
BMI	Body Mass Index
CRP	C-Reactive Protein
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
DPP4i	Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 inhibitors
ERK	Extracellular-signal-regulated Kinase
eNOS	Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
ET-1	Endothelin 1
FOXO1	Forkhead Box O1
GABA	Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
GLP-1 RA	Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
GLUT-4	Glucose Transporter 4
hCRP	High-Sensitivity CRP
HMGB 1	High Mobility Group Box chromosomal protein 1
IRS	Insulin Receptor Substrate
ICAM1	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
IL-1β	Interleukin-1Beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
JNK	C-Jun N-terminal Kinase
KLF2	Krüppel-Like Factor 2
KLF4	Krüppel-Like Factor 4
mTOR	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MCP1	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1
miRNAs	MicroRNAs
NADPH	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor-KappaB
NO	Nitric Oxide
NOX	NADPH Oxidase
Nrf2	E2-related factor 2
PDE-5i	Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
PET-CT	Positron emission tomography—computed tomography
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase
PKC	Protein Kinase C
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
RAGE	Receptor for AGEs
SGLT2i	Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
TXA2	Thromboxane A2
TNF-α	Tumour Necrosis Factor-A
VCAM1	Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VSMCs	Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells