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. 2022 Jan 11;25(3):78. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12594

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Copyright: © Nugraha et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — CXCR7 agonist inhibits RANKL-induced and TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis through CXCL12 inhibition. (A) Microscopic images and number of osteoclasts. Osteoclast precursors were treated for 5 days with one of the following and then stained for TRAP: i) M-CSF (100 ng/ml); ii) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml); iii) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml) + CXCL12 (100 ng/ml); iv) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml) + CXCL12 (100 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml); v) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml); or vi) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml). (B) Microscopic images and number of osteoclasts. Osteoclast precursors were treated for 5 days with one of the following and then stained for TRAP: i) M-CSF (100 ng/ml); ii) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + TNF-α (50 ng/ml); iii) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + TNF-α (50 ng/ml) + CXCL12 (100 ng/ml); iv) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + TNF-α (50 ng/ml) + CXCL12 (100 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml); v) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + TNF-α (50 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml); or vi) M-CSF (100 ng/ml) + CXCR7 agonist (100 ng/ml). Scale bar, 500 µm. The statistical significance of differences was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni/Dunn's test (n=4; **P<0.01). Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. CXCR7, C-X-C receptor 7; CXCL12, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor.