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. 2022 Jan 13;10(1):163. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10010163

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Engineered biosynthetic pathway in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LRS6. Galactose is converted to the universal diterpenoid precursor, GGPP, via the mevalonate pathway. The first enzyme in the paclitaxel pathway, TASY, catalyzes the conversion of GGPP to taxadiene and small amounts of its isomer, iso-taxadiene. The second enzyme, CYP725A4, coupled with its cognate reductase subsequently catalyzes the oxidation of taxadiene to T5αol. The third enzyme, TAT, then catalyzes the acetylation of T5αol. The native, overexpressed genes are highlighted in green, whilst heterologous genes are highlighted in red. The dashed arrows highlight the undesirable side-products; the structures of the two well-characterized by-products, OCT and iso-OCT are shown.