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. 2022 Jan 4;225(1):jeb243614. doi: 10.1242/jeb.243614

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© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 2. — Motion patterns of the saccular otoliths studied in the one-shaker and two-shaker setup. (A) 3D reconstruction of the isolated goldfish sagitta (medial view, red) ‘embedded’ in the piece of foam (turquoise). The dashed line indicates the location of the transverse section shown in B. (B) The overlay of the contours shown for two timing bins reveals a slight rotational motion. c, caudal; d, dorsal; l, lateral. (Ci) Sagittae in zebrafish (standard length, SL 22 mm) subjected to a 100 Hz stimulus in the one-shaker setup display a distinct translational but no rotational movement. (Cii) A faint rotational motion of the sagittae was visible when the zebrafish was subjected to the 200 Hz stimulus. (D,E) A clear rotational motion of the sagittae in Kryptopterus vitreolus (SL 46 mm) was observed when the fish was subjected to 350 Hz (Di) or 450 Hz (Ei) driving the two shakers 0 deg in phase. This rotational movement was faint (Dii) or absent (Eii) when the shakers were driven 180 deg out of phase. Scale bars: 100 µm.