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. 2021 Dec 29;14(1):76. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010076

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the bactericidal mechanism of nisin: (a) nisin reaches the bacterial membrane; (b) adsorption of nisin to docking molecule (lipid II) via electrostatic interactions; (c) stable transmembrane orientation of nisin (cationic region of nisin interact with the negatively charged phospholipid heads, while the hydrophobic region of nisin interacts with the membrane core); (d) assembly of nisin-lipid II pore complex (consisting of 4 lipids II and 8 nisin molecules) (Reproduced with permission from [71,149], Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019 and Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, UK, 2016).