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Confocal microscopy images of the influence of nisin concentration on oral biofilm formation under the controlled microfluidic model system. A green signal indicates viable live cells (Syto 9) and a red signal indicates damaged/dead cells (propidium iodide). No biofilm was observed at a nisin concentration of 4 μg/mL (Reproduced with permission from [140], Meta UCL, 2015).
