Table 1.
First Author (Year) | Country | Diabetes Type | N | N Int. | N Con. | Gender Ratio (F:M) | BMI | Average Age (Year) | FBG (mmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jenkins, D.J (2008) [27] | Canada | T2DM | 210 | 106 | 104 | 0.6 | 30.9 | 60.5 | NS |
Turner-McGrievy (2011) [28] | USA | T2DM | 99 | 49 | 50 | 1.5 | 34.8 | 55.2 | NS |
Ebbeling, C.B (2003) [29] | USA | adiposity | 14 | 7 | 7 | 2.2 | 36.0 | 16.1 | NS |
Wolever, T.M (2008) [30] | Canada | T2DM | 162 | 56 | 106 | 1.2 | 31.0 | 59.9 | 7.4 |
Wolever, T.M (2008) [31] | Canada | T2DM | 135 | 46 | 89 | 1.2 | 31.0 | 59.7 | 7.3 |
Malin, S.K (2012) [32] | USA | MetS | 21 | 11 | 10 | 0.9 | 35.5 | 66.2 | 8.0 |
Kelly, K.R (2011) [33] | USA | adiposity | 28 | 13 | 15 | 1.2 | 34.2 | 66.0 | 5.9 |
Mulya, A (2017) [15] | USA | adiposity | 19 | 9 | 10 | 0.9 | 34.0 | 64.0 | 5.5 |
Osella, A.R (2018) [34] | USA | MetS | 231 | 55 | 176 | 0.7 | NS | 57.6 | NS |
Gomes, J.M (2017) [35] | Brazil | T2DM | 20 | 10 | 10 | 1.0 | 29.2 | 42.4 | 8.2 |
Solomon, T.P (2009) [36] | USA | adiposity | 32 | 15 | 17 | 1.1 | 33.8 | 66.0 | 5.6 |
Fraser, A (2008) [37] | Israel | T2DM | 201 | 73 | 128 | 1.5 | 31.4 | 56.0 | 10.3 |
Visuthranukul, C (2015) [38] | Thailand | adiposity | 52 | 25 | 27 | 0.5 | 33.6 | 12.0 | 5.0 |
Jenkins, D.J (2011) [39] | Canada | T2DM | 152 | 79 | 73 | 0.6 | 30.5 | 61.5 | NS |
Pavithran, N (2020) [40] | India | T2DM | 36 | 18 | 18 | 0.7 | 27.0 | 52.0 | NS |
Solomon, T.P (2013) [41] | USA | adiposity | 20 | 10 | 10 | 1.2 | 35.0 | 65.0 | 5.9 |
Fabricatore, A.N (2011) [42] | USA | T2DM | 79 | 40 | 39 | 3.9 | 36.3 | 52.7 | NS |
Argiana, V (2014) [43] | Greece | T2DM | 58 | 28 | 30 | 1.1 | 32.5 | 62.2 | NS |
Li, D (2014) [44] | China | T2DM | 54 | 36 | 18 | 0.6 | 24.3 | 56.0 | 6.8 |
Mirza, N.M (2011) [45] | USA | adiposity | 88 | 45 | 43 | 0.9 | 29.5 | 12.2 | NS |
Hu, Z.G (2014) [16] | China | GDM | 140 | 66 | 74 | All famale | NS | 30.0 | 5.0 |
Heilbronn, L.K (2002) [17] | Australia | T2DM | 45 | 24 | 21 | 1.0 | 33.8 | 56.7 | 7.0 |
Basharat, S (2018) [46] | Pakistan | adiposity | 74 | 38 | 36 | All famale | 31.4 | 27.0 | NS |
Abete, I (2008) [14] | Spain | adiposity | 32 | 16 | 16 | 0.8 | 32.5 | 36.0 | NS |
Int. = Intervention group; Con. = Control group; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; MetS = metabolic syndrome; GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; NS = not stated; FBG = fasting blood glucose. RCT-related characteristics of the included studies.