Table 2.
RCT-related characteristics of the included studies.
| First Author (Year) | Time Duration | Study Length | Randomization Method | Blinding | Energy Restriction | Int. Type | Con.Type | GI Int. | GI Con. | CHO(%) Int. |
CHO(%) Con. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jenkins, D.J (2008) | 8 July 2004–22 May 2007 | 6 months | ID | Yes | No | LGID | HCFD | 69.6 | 83.5 | 44.0 | 47.5 |
| Turner-McGrievy (2011) | 2003–2004 | 22 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | ADAD | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Ebbeling, C.B (2003) | 1 December 2000–30 September 2001 | 6 months | NS | No | No | LGID | LFD | 58.0 | 59.0 | 58.0 | 52.0 |
| Wolever, T.M (2008) | NS | 1 year | Opaque envelope | No | No | LGID | HGID/LCHOD | 55.1 | 61.3 | 51.9 | 43.1 |
| Wolever, T.M (2008) | January 2002–October 2003 | 1 year | Opaque envelope | No | No | LGID | HGID/LCHOD | 55.0 | 61.4 | 52.0 | 42.7 |
| Malin, S.K (2012) | NS | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | HGID | 40.3 | 80.3 | 56.2 | 57.8 |
| Kelly, K.R (2011) | NS | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | HGID | 40.3 | 80.2 | 55.8 | 57.7 |
| Mulya, A (2017) | NS | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | HGID | 40.0 | 80.0 | NS | NS |
| Osella, A.R (2018) | December 2007–April 2008 | 24 weeks | Nonce | Yes | No | LGID | Med-D/LGIMD/RD | NS | NS | 46.5 | NS |
| Gomes, J.M (2017) | April 2007–September 2007 | 30 days | NS | Yes | No | LGID | HGID | 35.8 | 74.1 | 59.8 | 53.5 |
| Solomon, T.P (2009) | NS | 7 days | NS | No | No | LGID | HGID | 41.1 | 80.9 | 56.2 | 57.2 |
| Fraser, A (2008) | March 2003–April 2004 | 12 months | Nonce | Yes | Yes | LGID | MMD/ADA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Visuthranukul, C (2015) | January 2010–January 2013 | 6 months | NS | No | No | LGID | LFD | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Jenkins, D.J (2011) | May 2004–May 2007 | 6 months | ID | Yes | No | LGID | HCFD | 69.6 | 83.5 | 44.0 | 47.5 |
| Pavithran, N (2020) | October 2018–April 2019 | 24 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | RD | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Solomon, T.P (2013) | NS | 3 months | NS | No | No | LGID | HGID | 39.8 | 80.0 | 54.7 | 55.6 |
| Fabricatore, A.N (2011) | September 2006–July 2009 | 40 weeks | Nonce | No | Yes | LGID | LFD | 63.6 | 63.4 | 44.0 | 46.0 |
| Argiana, V (2014) | NS | 12 weeks | Nonce | No | Yes | LGID | RD | 19.0–49.0 | 60.0–65.0 | NS | NS |
| Li, D (2014) | June 2013–October 2013 | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | RD | NS | NS | 54.6 | 52.1 |
| Mirza, N.M (2011) | NS | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGLD | HGLD | 36.1 | 59.5 | NS | NS |
| Hu, Z.G (2014) | October 2011–April 2013 | 5 days | NS | No | Yes | LGID | RD | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Heilbronn, L.K (2002) | NS | 12 weeks | NS | No | Yes | LGID | HGID | 43.0 | 75.0 | 58.9 | 60.8 |
| Basharat, S (2018) | April 2005–2005 June | 12 weeks | NS | No | No | LGID | RD | 44.6 | 66.0 | 45.0 | 52.7 |
| Abete, I (2008) | NS | 8 weeks | NS | No | Yes | LGID | HGID | 40.0–45.0 | 60.0–65.0 | NS | NS |
ADAD = American Diabetes Association Diet; Med-D = Mediterranean diet; LGID = low-glycemic index diet; MMD = modified Mediterranean diet; HGID = high-glycemic index diet; LFD = low-fat diet; LGIMD = low-glycemic index Mediterranean diet; LCHOD = low-carbohydrate diet; HCFD = high-cereal fiber diet; RD = routine diet; LGLD = low-glycemic load diet; HGLD = high-glycemic load diet.