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Flowchart representing the mechanism of apoptosis induction by probiotics via the modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspases. Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B cell lymphoma 2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; and NFkB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Created with BioRender.com, accessed on 28 December 2021.
