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Schematic representation of autophagy in tumour cells or infected cells. The cell-bound exopolysaccharide of probiotic bacteria induces autophagy by upregulating Beclin-1, GRP78, and Bcl-2 genes. The sequential events occurring during autophagy include (a) sequestration (b) transport to lysosomes, (c) degradation, and (d) utilization of degradation products. Created with BioRender.com, accessed on 28 December 2021.
