Table 1.
Basic and clinical data of the study participants 1,2.
| Variables | Control | HS | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Men, n (%) | 47 (45) | 46 (44) | 0.84 |
| Age, y | 63 (55, 68) | 58 (46, 65) | 0.002 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22 (20, 24) | 27 (24, 29) | <0.001 |
| <18.5, n (%) | 9 (9) | 1 (1) | <0.001 |
| 18.5–24, n (%) | 63 (61) | 17 (16) | |
| 24–27, n (%) | 20 (19) | 34 (32) | |
| ≥27, n (%) | 12 (11) | 53 (51) | |
| Body composition | |||
| Skeletal muscle mass 3, % | 39 (35, 43) | 37 (34, 39) | 0.004 |
| Body fat 4, % | 28 (21, 33) | 32 (28, 36) | <0.001 |
| Waist/hip circumference | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | <0.001 |
| Visceral adiposity grade | 6 (5, 9) | 13 (10, 15) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current and former smoker, n (%) | 17 (16) | 23 (22) | 0.36 |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Current and former, n (%) | 16 (15) | 19 (18) | 0.49 |
| Blood biochemical marker | |||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 72 (53, 95) | 135 (97, 187) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 197 (170, 224) | 191 (173, 215) | 0.44 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 98 (94, 104) | 104 (98, 116) | <0.001 |
| Insulin, μIU/ml | 7.9 (6.4, 10) | 13 (10, 19) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 (1.6, 2.7) | 3.7 (2.5, 5.7) | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 23 (19, 26) | 20 (17, 28) | 0.12 |
| ALT, U/L. | 19 (16, 25) | 24 (16, 38) | 0.04 |
1 Sample size for the control and hepatic steatosis (HS) groups are 104 and 105, respectively. 2 Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (25th, 75th). Values were compared using the non-parametric test of Kruskal–Wallis. Discrete variable was expressed as numbers with proportions in parenthesis. Values were compared using the chi square test. Significance is defined at p < 0.05. 3 Medians and interquartile ranges (25th, 75th) for skeletal muscle mass by kg is 21 (18, 27) for controls and 27 (22, 31) for HS. 4 Medians and interquartile ranges (25th, 75th) for body fat by kg is 16 (12, 20) for controls and 22 (19, 26) for HS. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, asparte transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.