Figure 3.

(A) Representative microscopic findings of the liver tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin (200 ×) and the organ injury scores (NAFLD activity scores). Data were obtained from 5 mice in each group. (B) Plasma concentrations of hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Data were obtained from 5 mice in each group (C). Wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio, an indicator of tissue water content) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration levels in liver tissues. Data were obtained from 5 mice in each group (D). Representative microscopic images of malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of oxidation, using an immunohistochemistry staining assay) and the quantitative sum intensities of MDA in liver tissues. The relative mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in liver tissues (using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and normalized to the internal standard glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH]). Data were obtained from 5 mice in each group. All assays were performed 48 h after endotoxin or normal saline (NS) administration in the surviving mice. Data were presented as means ± standard deviations. HFD: the high-fat diet plus intraperitoneal (ip) administration of NS (0.5 mL) group. HFDLPS: the high-fat diet plus endotoxin (10 mg/kg, ip) group. HLE: the high-fat diet plus endotoxin plus exosomes (from human placenta choriodecidual membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells, pcMSCs, 1 × 10⁸ particles per mouse, ip) group. HLEi: the high-fat diet plus endotoxin plus microRNA-inhibitor-pretreated exosomes (1 × 10⁸ particles per mouse, ip) group. NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group; # p < 0.05, the HLE group versus the HFDLPS group. ^† p < 0.05, the HLEi group versus the HLE group.