| aaRS | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
| ADC | antibody-drug conjugate |
| ASL | anticodon stem-loop |
| BCMA | B-cell maturation antigen |
| EF-Tu | elongation factor translation thermos unstable |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| FPs | fluorescent proteins |
| GCE | genetic code expansion |
| GRO | genomically recoded organism |
| LXR | liver X receptor |
| MAGE | multiplex automated genome engineering |
| MjRS | methanocaldococcus jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase |
| MoTTs | modification tunable transcripts |
| ncAA | noncanonical amino acid |
| NAAs | natural amino acids |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| OTSs | orthogonal translation systems |
| o-tRNA | orthogonal-tRNA |
| PACE | phage-assisted continuous evolution |
| PAcF | p-acetylphenylalanine |
| PTMs | post-translational modifications |
| RBP | retinol-binding protein |
| RF-1 | release factor 1 |
| RiPPs | ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides |
| SCI | supplementation-based incorporation |
| SICLOPPS | split intein catalyzed ligation of proteins and peptides |
| URM1 | ubiquitin-related modifier-1 |