Table 1.
| WHO Terminology | Pangolin * | S Protein Mutations of Interest | Country of First Detection | Time of First Detection | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VBM | Epsilon | B.1.427/B.1.429 | L452R, D614G, S13I, W152C, L452R, D614G | United States (California) | September 2020 |
| Eta | B.1.525 | A67V, 69del, 70del, 144del, E484K, D614G, Q677H, F888L | United Kingdom/Nigeria | December 2020 | |
| Iota | B.1.526 | L5F, (D80G*), T95I, (Y144-*), (F157S*), D253G, (L452R*), (S477N*), E484K, D614G, A701V, (T859N*), (D950H*), (Q957R*) | United States (New York) | November 2020 | |
| Kappa | B.1.617.1 | (T95I), G142D, E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H | India | December 2020 | |
| Zeta | P.2 | E484K, (F565L*), D614G, V1176F | Brazil | April 2020 | |
| Lambda | C.37 | G75V, T76I, 246-252del, L452Q, F490S, D614G and T859N | Peru | December 2020 | |
| Mu | B.1.621, B.1.621.1 | N/A | Colombia | September 2021 | |
| Alpha | B.1.1.7 | 69del, 70del, 144del, (E484K*), (S494P*), N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H (K1191N*) | United Kingdom | September 2020 | |
| Beta | B.1.351 | D80A, D215G, 241del, 242del, 243del, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V | South Africa | May 2020 | |
| Gamma | P.1 | L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I | Japan/Brazil | November 2020 | |
| VOC | Delta | B.1.617.2 | T19R, (V70F*), T95I, G142D, E156-, F157-, R158G, (A222V*), (W258L*), (K417N*), L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N | India | October 2020 |
| Omicron | B.1.1.529 | N/A | South Africa | November 2021 |
* The genetic lineages of SARS-CoV-2 variants are classified using a software tool named PANGOLIN (Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages) developed by Andrew Rambaut’s laboratory in the United Kingdom. This classification system has since been used by researchers and public health agencies worldwide to monitor the transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 [19].