Table A2.
COVID-19 vaccine candidates in phase 1–3 clinical trial as per 15 November 2021 [56].
| No | Vaccine Candidate | Developer | Vaccine Type | Developer Country | Trial Phase | Clinical Trial ID | Country | Enrolment Target | Actual/Estimated Trial Dates | Primary Outcome Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gam-COVID-Vac Sputnik V |
Gamaleya Research Institute | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Russia | 3 | NCT04530396 | Russia | 33,758 | 7 September 2020–1 May 2021 | Percentage of trial subjects with COVID-19 developed within 6 months after the first dose |
| 2 | NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax | Protein subunit | US | 3 | NCT04611802 | Mexico, Puerto Rico, US | 33,000 | 27 December 2020–30 June 2023 | Participants with symptoms; reactogenicity incidence and severity; incidence and severity of MAAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, AESIs; antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (NP); deaths due to any cause |
| 3 | ZF2001/RBD-Dimer | Anhui Zhifei Longcom | Protein subunit | China | 3 | NCT04646590 | China, Ecuador, Indonesia, Pakistan, Uzbekistan | 29,000 | 16 December 2020–April 2022 | Endpoints of efficacy and safety |
| 4 | CVnCoV | Curevac | RNA based vaccine | Germany | 3 | NCT04652102 | Germany | 36,500 | 14 December 2020–15 May 2022 | Participants with virologically confirmed PCR positive cases of COVID-19 of any severity; participant with MAAEs, SAEs, AESIs |
| 5 | Inactivated (Vero Cells) | Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated virus | China | 3 | NCT04659239 | Brazil, Malaysia | 34,020 | 28 January 2021–July 2022 | Incidence of COVID-19 cases after two-doses of vaccination, the incidence of SoAEs |
| 6 | QazCovid-in® | Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems Kazakhstan | Inactivated virus | Kazakhstan | 3 | NCT04691908 | Kazakhstan | 3000 | 25 December 2020–30 July 2021 | Seroconversion; vaccine immunogenicity versus placebo, frequency of confirmed COVID-19 cases |
| 7 | ZyCoV-D | Zydus Cadila | DNA based vaccine | India | 3 | CTRI/2021/01/030416 | India | 28,216 | N/A | To demonstrate the efficacy of ZyCoV-D in the prevention of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 cases as compared to placebo |
| 8 | Covaxin | Bharat Biotech | Inactivated virus | India | 3 | NCT04641481 | India | 25,800 | 16 November 2020–December 2022 | First occurrence of virologically confirmed (RT-PCR positive) symptomatic COVID-19 cases |
| 9 | VAT00002: with adjuvant | Sanofi/GSK | Protein subunit | US | 3 | NCT04904549 | US | 37,430 | 26 May 2021–13 January 2023 | Occurrence of symptomatic COVID-19, presence of injection site or systemic reactions, non-serious UnSoAEs, immediate AEs, MAAEs, SAEs, AESIs, and virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and/or symptomatic COVID-19 |
| 10 | Inactivated (Vero Cells) | Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd. | Inactivated virus | China | 3 | NCT04852705 | China | 28,000 | May 2021–November 2022 | Incidence density of symptomatic COVID-19 cases |
| 11 | FINLAY-FR-2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine | Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | Protein subunit | Cuba | 3 | IFV/COR/09 | Cuba | 44,010 | N/A | Virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 infection |
| 12 | EpiVacCorona | FBRI | Protein subunit | Russia | 3 | NCT04780035 | Russia | 3000 | 18 November 2020–September 2021 | The proportion of vaccinated volunteers with no laboratory confirmed symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2, within 6 months post vaccination versus placebo, the prophylactic efficacy of the vaccine |
| 13 | Recombinant (Sf9 cell) | West China Hospital | Protein subunit | China | 3 | NCT04904471 | China | 40,000 | 1 June 2021–31 December 2022 | Virologically confirmed (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] positive) symptomatic COVID-19 cases at first appearance, regardless of severity; incidence of SAEs, AESIs, MAAEs, SoAEs, UnSoAEs |
| 14 | mRNA vaccine (ARCoV) | Academy of Military Science (AMS), Walvax Biotechnology | RNA based vaccine | China | 3 | NCT04847102 | N/A | 28,000 | 28 May 2021–30 May 2023 | Incidence rate (person-year) of COVID-19 cases, AEs, and SAEs |
| 15 | CIGB-66 | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) | Protein subunit | Cuba | 3 | RPCEC00000359 | Cuba | 48,000 | N/A | Vaccine efficacy (number of symptomatic COVID-19 subjects with no evidence of previous exposure to viral infection) |
| 16 | VLA2001 | Valneva | Inactivated virus | France | 3 | NCT04864561 | UK | 4000 | 26 April 2021–30 June 2022 | Immune response measured after completion of a 2-dose immunization schedule, as determined by the GMT of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies, frequency and severity of any AEs |
| 17 | Nanocovax | Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology | Protein Subunit | Viet Nam | 3 | NCT04922788 | Viet Nam | 13,000 | 7 June 2021–7 August 2022 | Participants who experience a first episode of virologically confirmed case of COVID-19; any severity SAEs, MAAEs; geometric mean of anti-S IgG concentrations; geometric mean of SARS-CoV-2 serum neutralizing titres by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) |
| 18 | ERUCOV-VAC (Turkovac) | Erciyes University | Inactivated virus | Turkey | 3 | NCT04942405 | Turkey | 40,800 | 21 June 2021–31 March 2023 | Protection indexes of two vaccine doses for symptomatic COVID-19, 2 weeks after the second dose of vaccination |
| 19 | ARCT-154 | Arcturus Therapeutics Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 3 | ISRCTN15779782 | Switzerland | N/A | 3 August 2021–1 September 2023 | Percentage of participants with virologically confirmed COVID-19 |
| 20 | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | DNA based vaccine | US | 3 | ISRCTN15779782 | Switzerland | N/A | 3 August 2021–1 September 2023 | Percentage of participants with virologically confirmed COVID-19 |
| 21 | SCB-2019 | Clover Biopharmaceuticals/GSK/Dynavax | Protein subunit | Australia | 3 | NCT05012787 | South Africa, Ukraine | 300 | 13 September 2021–16 December 2022 | Participants with AEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, MAAEs, AESIs, any confirmed relapse of immune-mediated disease |
| 22 | CoVLP | Medicago | Virus like particle | Canada | 3 | NCT04636697 | Canada, US | 900 | 22 November 2021–31 May 2022 | GMTs of the three vaccine lots |
| 23 | COVAX-19® | Vaxine Pty.Ltd/Cinnagen Co. | Protein Subunit | Australia | 2 | IRCT20150303021315N24 | Iran | 16,876 | N/A | Evaluation of COVID-19 incidence |
| 24 | DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 | The University of Hong Kong and Xiamen University | Viral vector (Replicating) | Hong Kong | 2 | ChiCTR2100051391 | Hong Kong | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 25 | BECOV2 | Biological E Limited | Protein subunit | India | 3 | CTRI/2021/08/036074 | India | 2140 | N/A | Immune response measured after completion of 2-dose immunization schedule, as determined by GMT/C |
| 26 | GBP510 | SK Bioscience Co., Ltd. and CEPI | Protein subunit | South Korea | 3 | NCT05007951 | South Korea | 3990 | 30 August 2021–September 2022 | GMT of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody |
| 27 | COVI-VAC | Codagenix Inc | Live-Attenuated | US | 3 | ISRCTN15779782 | Switzerland | N/A | 3 August 2021–1 September 2023 | Percentage of participants with virologically confirmed COVID-19 |
| 28 | Razi Cov Pars | Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute | Protein subunit | Iran | 2 | IRCT20210206050259N3 | Iran | 41,128 | N/A | Occurrence of confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 disease two weeks after the second vaccine dose |
| 29 | AG0301-COVID19 | AnGes + Takarabio + Osaka University | DNA based vaccine | Japan | 2/3 | NCT04655625 | Japan | 500 | 23 November 2020–31 March 2022 | Incidence of treatment-emergent AEs; Immunogenicity |
| 30 | GRAd-COV2 | ReiThera | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Italy | 2/3 | NCT04791423 | Italy | 10,300 | 15 March 2021–30 April 2022 | Participants with symptomatic laboratory confirmed COVID-19, incidence of AEs, SAEs, MAAEs, and AESIs, local and systemic SoAEs, post-treatment GMTs and GMFRs in SARS-CoV-2 S and/or RBD antibodies |
| 31 | UB-612 | Vaxxinity | Protein subunit | US | 2/3 | NCT04683224 | N/A | 7320 | 1 February 2021–22 March 2023 | The incidence of local reactions solicited systemic events, AEs, MAAEs, SAEs and AESIs, change in safety chemistry and hematology blood lab values for assessment of risk in Phase 3, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults, change after second dose through to the end of study in antibody titres |
| 32 | GX-19 | Genexine Consortium | DNA based vaccine | South Korea | 2/3 | NCT05067946 | N/A | 14,000 | October 2021–October 2023 | First occurrence of COVID-19 at least 14 days after the second vaccination. Incidence of SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs |
| 33 | rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S Vaccine | Israel Institute for Biological Research | Viral vector (Replicating) | Israel | 2/3 | NCT04990466 | Israel | 20,000 | 30 September 2021–28 February 2022 | Prevention of Serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| 34 | COVIran Barekat | Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co | Inactivated virus | Iran | 2/3 | IRCT20201202049567N3 | Iran | 20,000 | N/A | Vaccine efficacy of Shifa-Pharmed inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine |
| 35 | ReCOV | Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology Co Ltd. | Protein subunit | China | 2/3 | NCT05084989 | N/A | 20,301 | 31 December 2021–31 December 2021 | Number of Participants with Occurrence of COVID-19 cases, AEs, SAEs and AESIs |
| 36 | mRNA-1273.211 | ModernaTX.Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 2/3 | NCT04927065 | US | 896 | 24 March 2021–22 December 2021 | Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection; effect of vaccine on peak nasal viral load |
| 37 | AZD2816 | AstraZeneca and The University of Oxford | Viral vector (non-replicating) | UK | 2/3 | NCT04973449 | UK | 2475 | 27 June 2021–15 June 2022 | Safety and tolerability of 1 dose of AZD2816 in seronegative participants previously vaccinated with AZD1222, and 2 doses in unvaccinated seronegative participants |
| 38 | SCTV01C | Sinocelltech Ltd. | Protein Subunit | China | 2/3 | NCT05043311 | N/A | 12,420 | 30 October 2021–1 October 2022 | The incidence of COVID-19 infections |
| 39 | FINLAY-FR-1 | Instituto Finlay de Vacunas Cuba | Protein subunit | Cuba | 2 | IFV/COR/04 | Cuba | 676 | 13 August 2020–11 January 2021 | SAEs, titre of specific anti-RBD IgG antibodies at baseline and 14, 28 and 56 days |
| 40 | LUNAR-COV19/ARCT-021 | Arcturus Therapeutics Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 2 | NCT04668339 | Singapore, US | 600 | 7 January 2021–30 April 2022 | Local and systemic SoAEs, AEs, SAEs, MAAEs, new onset of chronic disease, abnormal chemistry and hematology values; GMT and GMFR of neutralizing antibody |
| 41 | VXA-CoV2-1 | Vaxart | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 2 | NCT05067933 | US | 896 | October 2020–June 2023 | Rate of UnSoAEs, frequency of SAEs and MAAEs |
| 42 | Dendritic cell vaccine AV-COVID-19 | Aivita Biomedical, Inc + Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia | Viral vector (Replicating) + APC | US | 2 | NCT05007496 | Indonesia | 145 | April 2021–May 2021 | Efficacy based on T-cell-induced immune response |
| 43 | MRT5500 | Sanofi Pasteur | RNA based vaccine | US | 2 | NCT04798027 | US | 333 | 12 March 2021–July 2022 | Presence of immediate AEs, solicited injection site reactions and systemic reactions, UnSoAEs, MAAEs, and AESIs; Presence of out-of-range biological test results, neutralizing antibody titre, seroconversion |
| 44 | SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine | The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | Virus like particle | Turkey | 2 | NCT04962893 | Turkey | 330 | 26 June 2021–September 2022 | Comparison of efficacy, specific IgG, neutralizing antibody, and cellular immune response |
| 45 | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Protein Vaccine (V-01) | Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention | Protein subunit | China | 2 | ChiCTR2100045107 | China | 880 | 28 March 2021–30 July 2022 | Positive conversion rate of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein antibody, and its GMT and GMI; positive conversion rate of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, and its GMI |
| 46 | SCB-2020S | Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd. | Protein subunit | Australia | 2 | NCT04950751 | N/A | 150 | August 2021–April 2020 | GMT and GMFR of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies to B.1.351 variant, proportion of subjects achieving seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies to B.1.351 variant |
| 47 | SC-Ad6-1 | Tetherex Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 2 | NCT05077267 | Germany | 210 | 19 August 2021–1 February 2024 | SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers |
| 48 | Recombinant RBD Protein Vaccine | Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences | Protein subunit | Iran | 2 | IRCT20210620051639N2 | Iran | 300 | N/A | IgG antibody against Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) protein |
| 49 | KBP-201 | Kentucky Bioprocessing | Protein subunit | US | 1/2 | NCT04473690 | US | 180 | 31 July 2021–31 July 2022 | Solicited administration site reactions and systemic events |
| 50 | RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP | SpyBiotech + Serum Institute of India | Virus like particle | UK | 1/2 | ACTRN12620000817943 | Australia | 280 | N/A | To assess the immune response, safety and reactogenicity, of a two-dose schedule of two dose amounts of RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP vaccine as compared with two-dose administration of placebo |
| 51 | IMP CoVac-1 | University Hospital Tuebingen | Protein subunit | Germany | 1/2 | NCT04954469 | Germany | 68 | 30 June 2021–31 March 2022 | Safety- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, vital signs, blood chemistry and coagulation, and hematology |
| 52 | LV-SMENP-DC | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | Viral vector (non-replicating) + APC | China | 1/2 | NCT04276896 | China | 100 | 24 March 2020–31 December 2024 | Clinical improvement based on the 7-point scale, lower Murray lung injury score |
| 53 | hAd5-S+N bivalent vaccine | ImmunityBio Inc | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 1/2 | NCT04843722 | US | 540 | May 2021–August 2022 | Efficacy: percent of subjects that show an increase in N-reactive T cells |
| 54 | CIGB-669 | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) | Protein subunit | Cuba | 1/2 | RPCEC00000345 | Cuba | 88 | N/A | Safety: occurrence and intensity of AEs, subjects with seroconversion of anti-RBD IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 |
| 55 | AdCLD-CoV19 | Cellid Co., Ltd. | Viral vector (non-replicating) | South Korea | 1/2 | NCT04666012 | South Korea | 150 | 29 December 2020–April 2022 | Incidence of SoAEs and UnSoAEs |
| 56 | GLS-5310 | GeneOne Life Science Inc | DNA based vaccine | South Korea | 1/2 | NCT04673149 | South Korea | 345 | 23 December 2020–31 December 2022 | Incidence of AEs; GMT of antigen-specific binding antibody titres |
| 57 | S-268019 | Shionogi | Protein subunit | Japan | 1/2 | jRCT2051200092 | Japan | 214 | N/A | AEs, adverse reactions, SAEs, local and systemic reactogenicity SoAEs, GMT of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody |
| 58 | SARS-CoV-2-RBD-Fc-fusion protein | University Medical Center Groningen + Akston Biosciences Inc. | Protein subunit | The Netherlands | 1/2 | NCT04681092 | The Netherlands | 130 | 12 April 2021–30 June 2021 | Safety / Tolerability (35 days) |
| 59 | COVAC-1 and COVAC-2 | University of Saskatchewan | Protein subunit | Canada | 1/2 | NCT04702178 | Canada | 108 | 10 February 2021–February 2023 | AEs during 28 days after each injection |
| 60 | COVID-eVax | Takis + Rottapharm Biotech | DNA based vaccine | Italy | 1/2 | NCT04788459 | Italy | 160 | 25 February 2021–June 2022 | Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, quantitative antibody titres, binding to the specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titre, change from baseline in antigen-specific cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, percentage of subjects who seroconverted |
| 61 | Inactivated (NDV based) chimeric vaccine | Mahidol University and Government Pharmaceutical Organization | Inactivated virus | Thailand | 1/2 | NCT04764422 | Thailand | 460 | 20 March 2021–April 2023 | Frequency of reportable local and systemic SoAEs after each vaccination; measurement of changes in hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelet count, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin |
| 62 | VBI-2902a | VBI Vaccines Inc | Virus like particle | Canada | 1/2 | NCT04773665 | Canada | 780 | 15 March 2021–June 2022 | Rate and severity of local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, MAAEs, SAEs, and laboratory abnormalities; AEs leading to discontinuation of study vaccination |
| 63 | EuCorVac-19 | POP Biotechnologies and EuBiologics Co Ltd. | Protein subunit | South Korea | 1/2 | NCT04783311 | South Korea | 280 | 23 February 2021–January 2023 | Immediate AEs, local and systemic AEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, AESIs. |
| 64 | DS-5670a | Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd. | RNA based vaccine | Japan | 1/2 | NCT04821674 | Japan | 152 | 15 March 2021–31 December 2022 | Number of participants reporting treatment-emergent AEs, local and systemic AEs, and SAEs; GMT, GMFR, and SCR of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibody |
| 65 | COVIVAC | Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Viet Nam | 1/2 | NCT04830800 | Viet Nam | 420 | 10 March 2021–30 September 2022 | Number and severity of local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, MAAEs, AESIs, and clinically significant hematological and biochemical measurements |
| 66 | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO Cell) | National Vaccine and Serum Institute | Protein subunit | China | 1/2 | NCT04869592 | China | 3580 | 25 April 2021–25 October 2022 | Incidence and severity of any adverse reactions/events and abnormal blood biochemistry, blood routine, blood coagulation function and urine routine, SAEs, AESIs, GMT of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody |
| 67 | EXG-5003 | Elixirgen Therapeutics Inc | RNA based vaccine | Japan | 1/2 | NCT04863131 | Japan | 60 | 28 April 2021–31 January 2023 | Number of participants reporting local and systemic AEs |
| 68 | KD-414 | KM Biologics Co Ltd. | Inactivated virus | Japan | 1/2 | jRCT2071200106 | Japan | 210 | N/A | Safety: all adverse events and immunogenicity: neutralizing antibody conversion rate against SARS-CoV-2 |
| 69 | MVA vector expressing stabilized S Protein | German Centre for Infection Research | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Germany | 1/2 | NCT04895449 | Germany | 240 | 1 June 2021–1 March 2022 | Percentage of participants experiencing solicited local or systemic reactogenicity as defined by the study protocol |
| 70 | QazCovac | Research Institute for Biological Safety Problem | Protein subunit | Kazakhstan | 1/2 | NCT04930003 | Kazakhstan | 244 | 15 June 2021–December 2021 | Frequency of AEs for up to 7 and 21 days after immunization. The proportion of volunteers with increased levels of the immune response of specific neutralizing antibody titres using ELISA following the vaccination, compared with placebo |
| 71 | AG0302-COVID19 | AnGes, Inc/Osaka University | DNA based vaccine | Japan | 1/2 | NCT04993586 | Japan | 400 | 29 July 2021–31 December 2021 | Incidence of Treatment-Emergent AEs, immunogenicity |
| 72 | Hipra | Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. | Protein subunit | Spain | 1/2 | NCT05007509 | Spain | 30 | 16 August 2021–September 2022 | Local and systemic SoAEs and UnSoAEs |
| 73 | Versamune-CoV-2FC vaccine | Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltd.a | Protein subunit | Brazil | 1/2 | NCT05016934 | N/A | N/A | 1 November 2021–20 April 2022 | Frequency and severity of local and systemic AEs and AESIs. |
| 74 | ARCT-165 | Arcturus Therapeutics Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 1/2 | NCT05037097 | Singapore, US | 72 | 30 August 2021–March 2023 | Local and systemic SoAEs, AEs, SAEs, MAAEs, new onset of chronic disease, abnormal chemistry and hematology values; GMT and GMFR of neutralizing antibody |
| 75 | ARCT-021 | Arcturus Therapeutics Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 1/2 | NCT05037097 | Singapore, US | 72 | 30 August 2021–March 2023 | Local and systemic SoAEs, AEs, SAEs, MAAEs, new onset of chronic disease, abnormal chemistry and hematology values; GMT and GMFR of neutralizing antibody |
| 76 | SII B.1.351, a monovalent (Beta) variant | Novavax | Protein subunit | US | 1/2 | NCT05029856 | Australia | 240 | February 2022–August 2022 | MN50 GMTs to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), expressed as GMT and SCRs/SRRs. Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, MAAEs |
| 77 | SII Bivalent: (ancestral strain and (Beta) variant) | Novavax | Protein subunit | US | 1/2 | NCT05029856 | Australia | 240 | February 2022–August 2022 | MN50 GMTs to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), expressed as GMT and SCRs/SRRs. Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, MAAEs |
| 78 | SII B.1.617.2, monovalent (Delta) variant | Novavax | Protein subunit | US | 1/2 | NCT05029856 | Australia | 240 | February 2022–August 2022 | MN50 GMTs to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), expressed as GMT and SCRs/SRRs. Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, MAAEs |
| 79 | AAV5-RBD-S vaccine (BCD-250) | Biocad | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Russia | 1/2 | NCT05037188 | Russia | 160 | 10 August 2021–December 2022 | Percentage of subjects with ≥ 4 fold rise of serum SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titer from baseline |
| 80 | CoviVac | Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products | Inactivated virus | Russia | 1/2 | NCT05046548 | Russia | 400 | 3 October 2020–1 October 2021 | Geometric mean titer (GMT) |
| 81 | VB10.2129, encoding RBD | Vaccibody AS | DNA based vaccine | Norway | 1/2 | NCT05069623 | Norway | 160 | 27 October 2021–October 2023 | Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs |
| 82 | VB10.2210 | Vaccibody AS | DNA based vaccine | Norway | 1/2 | NCT05069623 | Norway | 160 | 27 October 2021–October 2023 | Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs |
| 83 | SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine | Biofarma | Protein subunit | Indonesia | 1/2 | NCT05067894 | Indonesia | 780 | November 2021–March 2022 | Safety (phase I) and immunogenicity (phase II) of the SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit recombinant vaccine. |
| 84 | MVA-SARS-2-S | University of Munich | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Germany | 1 | NCT04569383 | Germany | 30 | October 2020–May 2021 | Percentage of participants experiencing solicited local or systemic reactogenicity |
| 85 | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Imperial College London | RNA based vaccine | UK | 1 | ISRCTN17072692 | UK | 320 | 1 April 2020–31 July 2021 | Solicited local injection site reactions, solicited systemic and laboratory reactions, UnSoAEs, SAEs, titres of neutralizing antibody and IgG |
| 86 | Covid-19/aAPC | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | Viral vector (Replicating) | China | 1 | NCT04299724 | China | 100 | 15 February 2020–31 December 2024 | Frequency of vaccine events and serious vaccine events, proportion of subjects with positive T cell response |
| 87 | AdimrSC-2f | Adimmune Corporation | Protein subunit | Taiwan | 1 | NCT04522089 | Taiwan | 70 | 20 August 2020–20 March 2021 | SoAEs and incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results |
| 88 | Covigenix VAX-001 | Entos Pharmaceuticals Inc | DNA based vaccine | Canada | 1 | NCT04591184 | Canada | 72 | 7 April 2021–August 2022 | Safety of a 2-dose regimen of VAX-001 when doses are given 14 days apart, Mean change from baseline in safety laboratory measures, frequency of treatment-emergent SAEs throughout the study and up to 12 months post-second dose |
| 89 | CORVax | Providence Health & Services | DNA based vaccine | US | 1 | NCT04627675 | US | 36 | 30 December 2020–May 2022 | Toxicity and MAAEs at various time frames |
| 90 | ChulaCov19 | Chulalongkorn University | RNA based vaccine | Thailand | 1 | NCT04566276 | Thailand | 96 | January 2021–June 2021 | Frequency and grade of AEs, reportable local and systemic SoAEs |
| 91 | bacTRL-Spike | Symvivo corporation | DNA based vaccine | Canada | 1 | NCT04334980 | Australia | 24 | 2 November 2020–28 February 2022 | Frequency of adverse events up to 12 months post-vaccination |
| 92 | COH04S1 | City of Hope Medical Center | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 1 | NCT04639466 | US | 129 | 11 December 2020–10 November 2022 | Incidence of adverse events for up to 365 days |
| 93 | MF59 | The University of Queensland | Protein Subunit | Australia | 1 | NCT04495933 | Australia | 216 | 13 July 2020–8 November 2021 | Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, GMT of the serum antibody and Nab response |
| 94 | COVIGEN | The University of Sydney Bionet Co., Ltd. | DNA based vaccine | Australia | 1 | NCT04742842 | Australia | 150 | 15 February 2021–31 December 2022 | Frequency of solicited local and systemic reactogenicity AEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, MAAEs, change in safety laboratory values from baseline |
| 95 | BBV154 | Bharat Biotech | Viral vector (non-replicating) | India | 1 | NCT04751682 | India | 175 | 1 March 2021–30 November 2021 | Incidence of immediate AEs, local and systemic SoAEs, SAEs, and UnSoAEs |
| 96 | PTX-COVID19-B | Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc | RNA based vaccine | Canada | 1 | NCT04765436 | Canada | 60 | 14 January 2021–14 February 2022 | Occurrence of AEs after each vaccination, assessments of AEs (days 1-42) and safety (days 1-395), immunogenicity analysis |
| 97 | CoV2 SAM (LNP) | GlaxoSmithKline | RNA based vaccine | UK | 1 | NCT04758962 | US | 40 | 15 February 2021–9 May 2022 | Participants with at least 1 solicited administration site event and solicited systemic event, during 7-day follow-up period, with any UnSoAEs during 30-day follow-up period after each vaccination, and with any hematological and biochemical laboratory abnormality at screening, day 1, 2, 8, 31, 32, and 38. |
| 98 | NBP2001 | SK Bioscience Co Ltd. | Protein subunit | South Korea | 1 | NCT04760743 | South Korea | 50 | 17 December 2020–April 2022 | Occurrence of immediate systemic reactions, local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, MAAEs, and AESIs, GMT and GMFR of IgG and neutralizing antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 |
| 99 | ChAdV68-S and AM-LNP-S | Gritstone Oncology | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 1 | NCT04776317 | US | 130 | 25 March 2021–19 September 2022 | Frequency by grade of solicited local reactogenicity AEs, solicited systemic reactogenicity AEs, UnSoAEs, AESIs, clinical safety laboratory AEs by severity grade and SAEs |
| 100 | SpFN COVID-19 Vaccine | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research | Protein subunit | US | 1 | NCT04784767 | US | 72 | 5 April 2021–30 October 2023 | Participants with local and systemic reactions, incidents of treatment-adverse events as assessed by FDA toxicity grading scale, and participants with humoral immune response |
| 101 | FAKHRAVAC (MIVAC) | Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research | Inactivated virus | Iran | 1 | IRCT20210206050259N1 | Iran | 135 | N/A | Abnormal vital signs and anaphylactic reactions immediately after vaccination, local and systemic AEs within the first week post-vaccination, abnormal laboratory findings |
| 102 | MV-014-212 | Meissa Vaccines Inc | Live-Attenuated | US | 1 | NCT04798001 | US | 130 | 12 April 2021–31 October 2022 | SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, MAAEs, and change in serum neutralizing antibody titres against vaccine-encoded SARS-CoV-2 S protein |
| 103 | Koçak-19 Inaktif Adjuvanlı COVID-19 Vaccine | Kocak Farma | Inactivatedviral vecviral virus | Turkey | 1 | NCT04838080 | Turkey | 38 | 19 March 2021–20 October 2021 | AEs, from day 0 until the end of follow up period of 6 months |
| 104 | ABNCoV2 | Radboud University | Virus like particle | The Netherlands | 1 | NCT04839146 | The Netherlands | 42 | 11 March 2021–20 December 2021 | Safety: possibly related Grade 3 AEs and SAEs, Immunogenicity endpoint: concentration of ABNCoV2-specific antibodies |
| 105 | HDT-301 | SENAI CIMATEC | RNA based vaccine | Brazil | 1 | NCT04844268 | N/A | 78 | May 2021–July 2022 | Safety and tolerability of two doses of HDT-1 vaccine (day 1, 29 and 57) |
| 106 | Adjuvanted Inactivated Vaccine | The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | Inactivated virus | Turkey | 1 | NCT04866069 | Turkey | 50 | 25 April 2021–April 2022 | AAEs, local and systemic SoAEs and UnSoAEs |
| 107 | mRNA-1283 | ModernaTX, Inc | RNA based vaccine | US | 1 | NCT04813796 | US | 125 | 11 March 2021–13 April 2022 | Number of participants with solicited local and systemic reactogenicity Adverse Reactions (ARs), UnSoAEs, and MAAEs, AESIs, and SAEs |
| 108 | Recombinant NDV Vectored Vaccine | Laboratorio Avi-Mex | Inactivated virus | Mexico | 1 | NCT04871737 | Mexico | 90 | 20 May 2021–June 2022 | AEs, pregnancy test, urinalysis, oxygen saturation |
| 109 | mRNACOVID-19 Vaccine | Stemirna Therapeutics Co Ltd. and Shanghai East Hospital | RNA based vaccine | China | 1 | ChiCTR2100045984 | China | 30 | 25 March 2021–25 May 2022 | Safety and immunogenicity |
| 110 | CoVepiT | OSE Immunotherapeutic | Protein subunit | Belgium | 1 | NCT04885361 | Belgium | 48 | 26 May 2021–31 March 2022 | The incidence of solicited local and systemic reactogenicity signs and symptoms, UnSoAEs, SAEs, AESIs, subjects with significantly increased CD8+ T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 |
| 111 | CoV2-OGEN1 | USSF/Vaxform | Protein subunit | US | 1 | NCT04893512 | N/A | 45 | 7 June 2021–15 September 2022 | Safety evaluation of 2-dose vaccination schedule of orally administered CoV2-OGEN1 by following local and systemic adverse events |
| 112 | LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine | MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit | RNA based vaccine | Uganda | 1 | NCT04934111 | Uganda | 42 | September 2021–August 2022 | Participant with solicited local injection site and systemic reactions, UnSoAEs, SAEs, titre of neutralizing antibody and IgG |
| 113 | Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1 Vaccine | Baiya Phytopharm Co Ltd. | Protein subunit | Thailand | 1 | NCT04953078 | N/A | 96 | September 2021–November 2022 | Frequency and grade SoAEs and AEs, change in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and physical condition, safety laboratory value |
| 114 | PIV5-SARS CoV-2 | CyanVac LLC | Viral vector (non-replicating) | US | 1 | NCT04954287 | US | 80 | July 2021–November 2022 | SoAEs, UnSoAEs |
| 115 | 202-CoV | Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology, Walvax Biotechnology | Protein subunit | China | 1 | NCT04982068 | China | 144 | 12 July 2021–October 2022 | SoAEs, UnSoAEs |
| 116 | COVIDITY | Scancell Ltd. | DNA based vaccine | UK | 1 | NCT05047445 | South Africa | 40 | 30 September 2021–June 2022 | Safety and tolerability of COVIDITY as assessed by AEs, vital signs, and physical examination |
| 117 | PIKA-adjuvanted vaccine | Yisheng Biopharma | Protein subunit | Singapore | 1 | ACTRN12621001009808 | Australia, New Zealand | 45 | 24 September 2021–13 June 2022 | To assess the safety and tolerability of the PIKA COVID-19 vaccine by monitoring AEs and clinical laboratory tests |
| 118 | SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine | The University of Hong Kong; Immuno Cure 3 Limited | DNA based vaccine | Hong Kong | 1 | NCT05102643 | Hong Kong | 30 | November 2021–December 2022 | Reactogenicity and AEs |
| 119 | Ad5-triCoV/Mac or ChAd-triCoV/Mac | McMaster University | Viral vector (non-replicating) | Canada | 1 | NCT05094609 | Canada | 30 | 9 November 2021–30 June 2023 | Number of participants reporting AEs and severity of AEs following vaccination |
| 120 | T-cell priming specific peptides on a gold nanoparticle | Emergex Vaccines | Protein subunit | Switzerland | 1 | NCT05113862 | Switzerland | 26 | December 2021–November 2022 | Local and systemic SoAEs, UnSoAEs, SAEs, AESIs, SAEs, MAAEs, AESIs. GMT and GMFR of Anti-SAS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 |
| 121 | IN-B009 | HK inno.N Corporation | Protein subunit | South Korea | 1 | NCT05113849 | South Korea | 40 | 16 September 2021–February 2023 | Occurrence of IAR, local and systemic AE, UnSoAE, |
MAAEs: Medically Attended Adverse Events, NOCMCs: New-onset Chronic Medical Conditions, SAEs: Serious adverse events, SCR: Seroconversion Rate, SRR: Seroresponse Rate, SoAEs: The solicited adverse events, UnSoAEs: The unsolicited adverse events, TEAE: Treatment Emergent Adverse Event, IAR: Immediate Adverse Reaction.