. 2021 Dec 21;12(1):1. doi: 10.3390/metabo12010001

Table 2.

Metabolomics-assisted diagnosis of septic shock in critically ill patients.

Age (Age Range) (Sample Size)	APACH-II Score	Samples Since Admission		Methods	Major Findings in Septic Shock Groups			Interpretation	Citation
Age (Age Range) (Sample Size)	APACH-II Score	Serum	Plasma	Methods	Metabolic Pathways	Decreased	Increased	Interpretation	Citation
62 (55–73) (39) vs. 66 (56–71) (20)	23 (16–31) vs. 14 (13–17)	✓ within 24 h		Targeted (¹H-NMRS)	Amino acids and amines	Isoleucine Glutamine Alanine Leucine Lysine Glycine Serine Threonine Valine Glutamate Arginine 2-Aminobutyrate	Phenylalanine 2-Hydroxy-isovalerate Proline Trimethylamine N-oxide	Septic shock patients had different patterns in amino acids, fatty acids, and TCA cycle metabolites	[23]
					Fatty acids	-	Isobutyrate
					Glycolysis	Glucose Mannose	Lactate Sucrose Myoinositol AC C2
					TCA cycle	-	Succinate
62 (56–73) (37) vs. 66 (56–71) (20)	23 (16–31) vs. 14 (13–17)	✓ within 24 h	✓ within 24 h	Targeted (¹H- NMRS)	Amino acids and amines	Threonine Valine Arginine Glutamate	Phenylalanine Proline	Septic shock patients had different patterns of metabolites, particularly amino acids	[42]
62 (56–73) (37) vs. 66 (56–71) (20)	23 (16–31) vs. 14 (13–17)	✓ within 24 h	✓ within 24 h	Targeted (¹H- NMRS)	Glycolysis	Glucose	Myoinositol AC C2		[42]

Continuous data are presented in median (IQR1-3). Abbreviations: ¹H-NMRS, ¹H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; APACHE-II score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score; TCA, tricarboxylic Acid.