Figure 5.

Metformin or PS341 impedes pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Balbc/nude male mice were injected intravenously with 0.5 × 10⁶ B16F10 and the tumor was allowed to grow for 18 days before sacrifice (n = 7–8 mice per group). The 5 mg metformin was administered to each mouse daily or 10 μg PS341 every 3 days starting from day 2 post tumor inoculation; (A) representative image of lungs excised from mice treated with metformin or PS341; (B) lung tumor nodules in mice treated with metformin or PS341; percentage nodules is calculated for each group as number of nodules on a lung ÷ highest number of nodules in the group ×100. (C) Lungs weight kinetics in both metformin and PS341 treatment; (D) spleen weight kinetics in both treatment group; (E) bodyweight kinetics of metformin and PS341 treated mice until Day 18 post tumor inoculation. Data for control group are similar to data presented in our previous publication [10,13] according to the 3R’s principle of animal use. Results presented as means ± SEM pooled from two independent investigations and analyzed with unpaired student t-test: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001; ns, not significant.