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. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):60. doi: 10.3390/v14010060

Figure 1.

Figure 1

GPS491 inhibits expression of multiple HIV-1 proteins. (a) Chemical structure of GPS491. HeLa rtTA HIV∆mls cells were treated with either 2.5 µM or 1.25 µM GPS491. Cells grown with or without doxycycline (Dox) with 1% DMSO served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Cells were harvested for HIV-1 protein and RNA analyses after 24 h of induction. (b) Shown are representative Western blots showing the effects of compounds on HIV-1 Gag, Env, and Tat levels. Below is a summary of n = 3 independent experiments; data are indicated as mean ± SD; * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001. (c) Proteasome inhibition reverses the effect of GPS491 on Tat but not Gag expression. HeLa rtTA HIV∆mls cells were treated with DMSO or GPS491 +/− Dox for 24 h. Cells were treated with or without MG132 8 h prior to harvest, lysates were fractionated on 10% stain-free gels or 14% SDS PAGE gels, and the resulting blots were probed for HIV-1 Gag or Tat, respectively. Band intensity was quantified relative to Dox-induced DMSO control and normalized to total protein load (Stainfree) for Gag blot or normalized to GAPDH for Tat blot using Bio-Rad ImageLab software.