Figure 1.

The transdisciplinary research process

Sources: Authors’ own design, adapted and complemented after Lang et al.,¹⁷ with icons from The Noun Project (www.thenounproject.com) shared under Free Creative Commons licenses, created by Larea (phase A) and Gregor Cresnar (phases B and C). The arrows on the left and right sides have slightly different designs, because in science, scientific discourse typically informs tangible results such as publications, which can directly be built upon for follow-up research, while in practice, outcomes might be less tangible, such as improved decision making or governance.