Table 5.
The Comparison of Virological Responders and Non-Responders to Antiviral Therapy.
| Parameter | Responders n = 937 |
Non-Responders n = 15 |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, females/males, n (%) | 519 (55.4)/418 (44.6) | 0/15 (100) | <0.0001 |
| Age [years] mean ± SD; min.–max. | 50.3 ± 15.9; 19–89 | 49.3 ± 8.2; 31–59 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 50 (36, 63) | 52.0 (46.0, 55.5) | 0.842 |
| Females, age [years] mean ± SD; min.–max. | 51.9 ± 16.4; 19–88 | NA | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 55 (36, 65) | NA | |
| Males, age [years] mean ± SD; min.–max. | 48.2 ± 15.2; 19–89 | 49.3 ± 8.2; 31–59 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 45 (36, 60) | 52.0 (46.0, 55.5) | 0.5557 |
| BMI [kg/m2] mean ± SD; min.–max | 25.8 ± 4.5; 15.6–45 | 29.4 ± 3.6; 24.9–36.3 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 25.3 (22.6, 28.4) | 28.4 (27.1, 30.2) | 0.0011 |
| GT, n (%) | 0.0105 | ||
| 1 | 34 (3.6) | 0 | |
| 1a | 12 (1.3) | 0 | |
| 1b | 780 (83.3) | 8 (53.3) | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| 3 | 81 (8.6) | 6 (40) | |
| 4 | 28 (3) | 1 (6.7) | |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| 6 | 2 (0.2) | 0 | |
| GT 3, n (%) | 81 (8.6) | 6 (37.5) | 0.0013 |
| GT 4, n (%) | 28 (3.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.3735 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Any comorbidity | 728 (77.7) | 13 (86.5) | 0.5424 |
| Hypertension | 328 (35) | 3 (20) | 0.226 |
| Diabetes | 107 (11.4) | 6 (40) | 0.005 |
| Renal disease | 78 (8.3) | 2 (13.3) | 0.3636 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 67 (7.2) | 0 | 0.6171 |
| Non-HCC tumors | 51 (5.4) | 0 | 1 |
| Other | 641 (68.4) | 12 (80) | 0.4131 |
| Kidney failure, n (%) | 35 (3.7) | 0 | 1 |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | 598 (63.8) | 12 (80) | 0.1951 |
| Liver fibrosis, n (%) | 0.0776 | ||
| F0 | 43 (4.6) | 0 | |
| F1 | 465 (49.6) | 6 (40) | |
| F2 | 136 (14.5) | 1 (6.7) | |
| F3 | 101 (10.8) | 0 | |
| F4 | 192 (20.5) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Liver fibrosis F4, n (%) | 192 (20.5) | 8 (53.3) | 0.0055 |
| History of previous therapy, n (%) | 0.0237 | ||
| Treatment-naive | 742 (79.2) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Treatment-experienced | 195 (20.8) | 7 (46.7) | |
| DAA-experienced patients, n (%) | 10 (1.1) | 3 (20) | 0.0008 |
| History of hepatic decompensation, n (%) | |||
| Ascites | 27 (2.9) | 1 (6.7) | 0.3631 |
| Encephalopathy | 10 (1.1) | 1 (6.7) | 0.1611 |
| Documented esophageal varices, n (%) | 87 (9.3) | 5 (33.3) | 0.0104 |
| Hepatic decompensation at baseline, n (%) | |||
| Moderate ascites–responded to diuretics | 19 (2) | 0 | 1 |
| Tense ascites–not responded to diuretics | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 1 |
| Encephalopathy | 5 (0.5) | 0 | 1 |
| HCC history, n (%) | 9 (1) | 0 | 1 |
| OLTx history, n (%) | 4 (0.4) | 0 | 1 |
| Child-Pugh B or C, n (%) | 30 (3.2) | 3 (20) | 0.013 |
| HBV coinfection (HBsAg+), n (%) | 7 (0.7) | 0 | 1 |
| HIV coinfection, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 1 |
| Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV, n (%) | |||
| Cryoglobulinemia | 431 (46) | 9 (60) | 0.2805 |
| Thyroid abnormalities with presence of anti-thyroid antibodies | 85 (9.1) | 0 | 0.3862 |
| Thrombocytopenia in noncirrhotics | 38 (4.1) | 0 | 1 |
| ALT IU/L, mean ± SD | 71.8 ± 57.2 | 96 ± 34.3 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 53.0 (35.0, 90.0) | 91.0 (70.0, 108.5) | 0.002 |
| Bilirubin mg/dL, mean ± SD | 0.9 ± 1 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.0123 |
| Albumin g/dL, mean ± SD | 4 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.3) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.0) | 0.0511 |
| Creatinine mg/dL, mean ± SD | 1 ± 0.6 | 1 ± 0.2 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.5054 |
| Hemoglobin g/dL, mean ± SD | 14.3 ± 1.6 | 14.6 ± 1.4 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 14.3 (13.3, 15.4) | 14.6 (14.4, 15.5) | 0.2688 |
| Platelets, ×1000/µL, mean ± SD | 186.2 ± 71.1 | 132.9 ± 60.6 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 187.0 (142.0, 230.0) | 114.0 (77.0, 193.0) | 0.0068 |
| HCV RNA × 106 IU/mL, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 8.7 | 2.4 ± 2.7 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 1.0 (0.3, 2.8) | 1.5 (0.5, 3.8) | 0.3051 |
ALT: alanine transaminase; BMI: body mass index; DAA: direct-acting antivirals; F: fibrosis; GT: genotype; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HCV RNA: ribonucleic acid of hepatitis C virus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; NA: not applicable (there were no women among nonresponders); OLTx: orthotopic liver transplantation; SD: standard deviation.