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. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):58. doi: 10.3390/metabo12010058

Table 2.

Pharmacological interference of ferroptosis in experimental kidney diseases.

Drugs Effects Experimental Model Route and Dosage of
Drug Administration 		Local/
Systemic		 Mechanisms of
Different Drugs		 References
Ferrostain-1 Prevented ROS
formation		 Animal model:
Folic Acid-induced
nephropathy;
Cisplatin-induced
nephropathy;
UUO;
Diabetic db/db mice;
Pkd1RC/RC and
Pkd1flox/flox: Pkhd1-Cre
mice		 IP:
Pkd1RC/RC and
Pkd1flox/flox: Pkhd1-Cre
mice: 4 mg/kg/da;
Cisplatin-induced
nephropathy;
5 mg/kg/day
Diabetic db/db mice;
1 mg/kg/day;
UUO: 5 mg/kg		 systemic Inhibition of the upregulation of
IL-33; Inhibition HIF-1α/HO-1
pathway;
Normalize the iron metabolism
and inhibiting cell proliferation
through Akt, S6, Stat3 and Rb
signal pathways		 [15,43,75,116]
SRS 16-86 Ferroptosis
inhibition		 Animal model:
IRI model		 IP:
2 mg/kg		 systemic Inhibition of mitochondrial
permeability transition,
postischemic and toxic
renal necrosis.		 [114]
DFX/DFO Chelate iron Animal model:
UUO;
5/6 nephrectomy		 DFO: IP:
100 mg/kg/day
DFX: Oral:
low dose
15 mg/kg/day,
moderate dose 30 mg/kg/day
high dose
60 mg/kg/day		 systemic TGF-β1/Smad3, inflammation,
and oxidative stress pathways		 [85,92]
Liproxstain-1 Ferroptosis
inhibition		 Animal model:
IRI model		 IP:
10 mg/kg		 systemic Induces GPX4 expression,
reduces COX2 expression and
inhibition of the kidney
inflammation activation		 [115]
N-acetyl-l-
cysteine 		Reduce ROS Animal model:
Cisplatin-induced
nephropathy		 IP:
50 mg/kg		 systemic Inhibition of the kidney
inflammation activation and
the complement system		 [124]
Rosiglitazone Decrease ROS Animal model:
STZ-induced
diabetic kidneys		 Intragastric:
5 or 20 mg/kg/day
Oral: 3 mg/kg/day		 systemic Inhibition of NF-ĸB activation
and MCP-1 expression.		 [125,126]
CPX-O Chelate iron Animal model:
Pkd1RC/RC/Pkd2+/−
mice		 IP:
10 mg/kg/day		 systemic Induces ferritin degradation via
ferritinophagy		 [118]
L-buthionine
(S,R)-sulfoximine 		Deprivation of
glutamine
and cystine		 Animal model:
MYC-dependent
RCC mouse model		 Oral:
20 mM in drinking
water/day		 systemic GSH synthesis inhibition [106]
Artesunate Induction of
ferroptosis		 Cell model:
Sunitinib-resistant
RCC cells		 20 uM in cultured
media		 local Cell cycle arrest and modulation
of cell cycle regulating proteins		 [122]

CPX-O: Ciclopirox olamine; DFX: Desferriox; DFO: Deferroxamine; ROS: reactive oxygen species; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; UUO: unilateral ureteral obstruction; IRI: renal ischemia–reperfusion injury; CKD: chronic kidney disease; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; COX2: cyclooxygenase-2; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; GSH: glutathione.