Table 1.
Concentration of DON, OTA, and ZEA in supernatants (ng/mL) and percent adsorption (%) of mycotoxins by three yeast product treatment groups in an in vitro model designed to mimic the gastric passage of a monogastric animal. The values are indicated as means ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments *.
| DON | |||||||||
| pH 3.0 | pH 5.0 | pH 8.5 | |||||||
| Treatment | ng/mL | % of NC | p Value | (ng/mL) | % of NC | p Value | ng/mL | % of NC | p Value |
| NC | 990 ± 26 | --- | --- | 992 ± 30 | --- | --- | 1012 ± 70 | --- | --- |
| YHY | 540 ± 5 | 45.5 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 | 538 ± 7 | 45.8 ± 0.8 | <0.0001 | 543 ± 20 | 46.7 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 |
| YA1 | 887 ± 36 | 10.3 ± 1.7 | 0.3133 | 890 ± 5 | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 0.3345 | 903 ± 92 | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 0.2551 |
| YA2 | 876 ± 45 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 0.2049 | 878 ± 26 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 0.2049 | 963 ± 90 | 4.8 ± 3.6 | 0.9802 |
| OTA | |||||||||
| NC | 32 ± 6 | --- | --- | 57 ± 8 | --- | --- | 68 ± 6 | ---- | --- |
| YHY | 31 ± 3 | 9.3 ± 8.1 | 1.0000 | 52 ± 3 | 8.3 ± 7.6 | 0.9943 | 60 ± 5 | 12.0 ± 3.6 | 0.8283 |
| YA1 | 25 ± 5 | 21.0 ± 7.6 | 0.9525 | 50 ± 9 | 14.0 ± 13.5 | 0.9525 | 66 ± 5 | 8.3 ± 7.6 | 0.9998 |
| YA2 | 27 ± 8 | 16.3 ± 14.8 | 0.9943 | 52 ± 6 | 8.3 ± 7.6 | 0.9943 | 65 ± 5 | 5.0 ± 4.4 | 0.9998 |
| ZEA | |||||||||
| NC | 275 ± 6 | --- | --- | 280 ± 5 | --- | --- | 376 ± 38 | --- | --- |
| YHY | 264 ± 13 | 4.0 ± 3.5 | 0.9998 | 247 ± 11 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 0.6119 | 328 ± 45 | 13.0 ± 2.7 | 0.1427 |
| YA1 | 125 ± 9 | 54.3 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 | 120 ± 10 | 57.0 ± 3.1 | <0.0001 | 188 ± 8 | 49.7 ± 5.5 | <0.0001 |
| YA2 | 109 ± 5 | 60.3 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | 107 ± 16 | 62.0 ± 6.2 | <0.0001 | 133 ± 8 | 64.7 ± 3.2 | <0.0001 |
* Calculated in comparison to control incubations without any adsorbent. p values were calculated with SAS Studio using the actual DON concentration value in assay solutions.