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. 2022 Jan 21;149(4):1225–1241. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.005

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© 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig 2 — Kinetics of cytokine production in COVID-19 patients. A, The cytokine production levels in 55 serum samples collected from 16 COVID-19 patients during the acute phase and an early stage of convalescence were detected by protein-microarray–based ELISA (days 1-15, n = 11; days 16-30, n = 26; days 31-61, n = 18; healthy donors, n = 20). Each dot represents an individual serum sample; dotted lines denote the limit of detection. Statistical significance was determined by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗∗P < .0001. B, Fold change of each cytokine production level in COVID-19 patients shown in (A) compared to the mean values of 20 samples from healthy donors. Each column indicates a distinct serum sample collected from indicated time points after onset of symptoms; each row represents 1 individual cytokine tested.