Table 4.

Summary of the green-inspired special nanomaterials.

Type of Catalyst	Applied Plant Extract in Experiments	Method of Synthesis	Size of the Newly Synthesized Particles	Structure of the Newly Synthesized Particles	Type of Pollutant in the Photocatalytic Experiments	Applied Irradiation	Efficiency of the Photocatalytic Degradation (%)	Reaction Rate Constant	Study
p-Co3O4/n-ZnO	Plant extract of Eichhornia Crassipes	Co-precipitation method	Average crystal size 16.68 nm	Clusters of close packed organization with hexagonal phase of ZnO and cubic phase of Co3O4.	Methylene blue	Simulated sunlight	95.5% of the MB, after 60 min of irradiation	0.028 min−1	[63]
TiO2–CeO2	Lemon extract	Combination of sol–gel and precipitation method	9.4 nm	Combined tetragonal and cubic structures	2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP)	Simulated sunlight	49% of 2,4-DCP was removed after 300 min of irradiation	Not mentioned	[64]
ZnO@FeHCF	Leaf extract of Azadirachta indica	Plant-mediated synthesis	Size within nanorange (100 nm)	Flakes like geometry; hexagonal wurtzite-like structure in the case of ZnO and cubic lattice for FeHCF	bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP)	Simulated sunlight	94% (BPA) and 91% (NP) after 24 h of irradiation	0.2797 h−1 (BPA) and 0.2663 h−1 (NP)	[65]
ZnO nanorods	Leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea	Plant-mediated synthesis	Length between 20 and 200 nm; diameter between 20 and 80 nm; and width between 20 and 50 nm	Nano-rods in hexagonal pattern	Titan yellow (TY)	UV irradiation	>95% (under optimal conditions) after 60 min of irradiation	Average rate found to be 35, 37 and 40 min−1	[66]
ZnO nanoflowers	Panos extract	Co-precipitation method	480 nm (pedals of 240 nm in length and 120 nm in width)	Four-way leafy flower-like structure with confirmed wurtzite phase of ZnO	Methylene blue (MB), eosin Y (EY) and malachite green (MG)	UV irradiation	>99% of MB, EY and MG was removed after 80 min, 90 min and 110 min of irradiation	Not mentioned	[67]