Table 2.
Optimal, minimum, and shortage levels of psychiatric beds per 100,000 inhabitants recommended by the Delphi panel: median and mean rates and distribution based on income group and WHO region of the countries, in which the panel members are based.
| First round | Second round | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal | Minimum | Mild shortagea | Moderate shortage | Severe shortage | Optimal | Minimum | Moderate shortage | Severe shortage | |
| Overall responses | N 63 | N 61 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 50 (58) | 30 (36) | 30 (35) | 20 (27) | 10 (21) | 60 (20) | 30 (15) | 25 (13) | 15 (10) |
| Minimum value | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Q1 | 25 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 10 |
| Q3 | 83 | 50 | 45 | 35 | 25 | 70 | 40 | 33 | 20 |
| Maximum valueb | 2000 | 1000 | 1500 | 1000 | 400 | 100 | 65 | 60 | 50 |
| Mean (SD) | 59 (44) | 33 (25) | 34 (28) | 24 (20) | 16 (15) | 61 (17) | 34 (13) | 26 (12) | 15 (9) |
| No. (%) of second-round responses between Q1 and Q3 of first round | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 59 (97) | 58 (95) | 58 (95) | 59 (97) |
| Income level | |||||||||
| High-Income Countries | N 30 (1 extreme outlier) | N 30 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 50 (50) | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 30 (25) | 20 (20) | 60 (23) | 40 (20) | 30 (17) | 15 (10) |
| Mean (SD) | 65 (39) | 38 (23) | 43 (30) | 30 (20) | 20 (13) | 64 (15) | 38 (13) | 29 (13) | 17 (11) |
| Lower- and Middle-Income Countries (combined) | N 33 (3 extreme outliers) | N 31 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 50 (65) | 20 (34) | 20 (30) | 10 (25) | 5 (19) | 60 (20) | 30 (20) | 20 (10) | 10 (10) |
| Mean (SD) | 52 (47) | 28 (26) | 25 (24) | 18 (19) | 12 (15) | 58 (19) | 30 (12) | 23 (10) | 14 (7) |
| Upper-Middle-Income Countries | N 18 (1 extreme outlier) | N 16 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 15 (45) | 10 (36) | 9 (25) | 6 (19) | 4 (11) | 50 (14) | 28 (10) | 20 (8) | 10 (6) |
| Mean (SD) | 41 (48) | 25 (24) | 22 (25) | 16 (19) | 11 (24) | 54 (14) | 28 (10) | 20 (8) | 12 (6) |
| Lower-Middle-Income Countries | N 13 (2 extreme outliers) | N 13 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 60 (75) | 20 (20) | 20 (24) | 10 (20) | 5 (15) | 60 (30) | 30 (15) | 30 (15) | 10 (10) |
| Mean (SD) | 66 (48) | 31 (29) | 26 (24) | 18 (19) | 10 (14) | 60 (24) | 30 (13) | 30 (15) | 10 (9) |
| Low-Income Countries | N 2 | N 2 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 70 (10) | 40 (10) | 43 (3) | 35 (5) | 35 (15) | 68 (8) | 40 (0) | 28 (8) | 20 (5) |
| Mean (SD) | 70 (14) | 40 (14) | 44 (4) | 35 (7) | 35 (21) | 68 (11) | 40 (0) | 28 (11) | 20 (7) |
| WHO region | |||||||||
| AFRO | N 7 (1 extreme outlier) | N 6 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 55 (70) | 25 (44) | 33 (36) | 23 (34) | 15 (34) | 73 (24) | 35 (25) | 38 (5) | 20 (11) |
| Mean (SD) | 62 (56) | 36 (38) | 33 (30) | 25 (24) | 20 (22) | 61 (33) | 32 (19) | 32 (16) | 18 (11) |
| EMRO | N 8 (1 extreme outlier) | N 8 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 60 (55) | 20 (38) | 25 (20) | 15 (18) | 10 (15) | 55 (13) | 23 (16) | 20 (15) | 10 (9) |
| Mean (SD) | 74 (64) | 35 (34) | 35 (31) | 25 (24) | 15 (17) | 51 (11) | 27 (10) | 19 (8) | 11 (5) |
| EURO | N 13 | N 13 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 50 (30) | 25 (27) | 30 (22) | 20 (20) | 10 (24) | 60 (20) | 40 (20) | 30 (15) | 15 (10) |
| Mean (SD) | 67 (47) | 38 (27) | 38 (37) | 28 (26) | 18 (17) | 60 (17) | 35 (15) | 30 (13) | 19 (12) |
| PAHO North America | N 9 (1 extreme outlier) | N 9 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 70 (45) | 50 (30) | 40 (16) | 30 (9) | 20 (5) | 60 (15) | 50 (15) | 30 (5) | 20 (10) |
| Mean (SD) | 66 (29) | 37 (16) | 48 (27) | 33 (14) | 21 (9) | 69 (17) | 43 (9) | 29 (7) | 18 (8) |
| PAHO Latin America and the Caribbean | N 10 | N 9 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 10 (33) | 8 (29) | 7 (4) | 5 (2) | 3 (2) | 50 (10) | 25 (10) | 20 (10) | 10 (5) |
| Mean (SD) | 23 (21) | 17 (16) | 12 (12) | 9 (10) | 6 (8) | 54 (14) | 27 (9) | 19 (8) | 11 (6) |
| SEARO | N 4 (1 extreme outlier) | N 4 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (46) | 20 (8) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 55 (18) | 35 (13) | 25 (13) | 13 (15) |
| Mean (SD) | 46 (48) | 15 (9) | 8 (3) | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 63 (19) | 38 (10) | 23 (10) | 13 (9) |
| WPRO | N 12 | N 12 | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 63 (50) | 48 (33) | 50 (30) | 30 (23) | 20 (20) | 60 (16) | 30 (16) | 20 (19) | 10 (15) |
| Mean (SD) | 65 (34) | 40 (19) | 39 (18) | 29 (15) | 19 (13) | 62 (15) | 34 (14) | 27 (15) | 14 (9) |
NA not applicable, AFRO African region, EMRO Eastern Mediterranean region, EURO European region, PAHO Pan American health organization, SEARO South-East Asian region, WPRO Western Pacific region.
aThe category Mild shortage was defined as the range between the minimum number and the cut off point for moderate shortage in the second round. Therefore, no value was retrieved for this category in the second round.
bFour extreme outliers were excluded from analyses of the first round.