Table 3.

Biomarkers of renal cells.

Renal Cell Types	Biomarkers		References
	Protein markers	m-RNA markers
Podocytes	Wilms tumor-1 Nephrin Podocin Podocalyxin Synaptopodin	NPHS1 NPHS2 Synaptopodin Wilms tumor-1 Podocalyxin	[18] [88] [89] [23] [90]
Proximal tubules	Lotus tetragonolobus lectin Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) Cadherin 6 Jagged 1 Megalin Kidney injury molecule 1	ABCC1 ABCC3 ABCC4 SLC22A3 SLC40A1	[18] [88] [89]
Loop of Henle	Cadherin 1 Uromodulin	Claudin 10 Claudin 14 SLC12A1 Uromodulin	[18] [91] [92] [89]
Distal tubules	Pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1 Solute carrier family 41 member 3; Cadherin 1 Brn1 Na+/Cl– cotransporter GATA Binding Protein 3	Pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1 Solute carrier family 41 member 3; Cadherin 1 SLC12A3 Calbindin 1	[18] [88] [89]
Collecting ducts	Dolichus biflorisagglutinin Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) Aquaporin-3 (AQP3)	Cadherin 1 GATA Binding Protein 3 Aquaporin-3	[23] [89]
Endothelial cell	Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Cadherin 5 Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Cluster of differentiation 34 Cluster of differentiation 31	Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Cadherin 5 Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 CD34	[23] [93] [89] [94]
Mesangial cells	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta Insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 Transgelin Matrix metallopeptidase 2	Actin alpha 2, smooth muscle Collagen type I alpha 1 chain Transgelin	[23] [95]

Abbreviations: ABCC1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 1; SLC22A3, Solute carrier family 22 member 3.