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. 2022 Jan 6;12(2):177. doi: 10.3390/nano12020177

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Different morphologies observed in nanomaterials with different dimensionality: (A) 0D nonporous monodispersed Au nanoparticles (0D) [109], © Elsevier, 2013; (B) 0D mesoporous silica nanoparticles (0D) [110], © MDPI, 2019; (C) 1D silver nanorods [111], © American Chemical Society, 2011; (D) 1D carbon nanotubes array [112], © IntechOpen, 2011; (E) 2D CuSe nanosheets [113], © Nature, 2014; (F) 2D graphene nanosheets [114], © Nature, 2012; (G) 3D WO₃ nanowire network [115], © Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences (Germany), 2018; and (H) 3D flake-flower NiO nanostructures [116], © Frontiers, 2020.

Different morphologies observed in nanomaterials with different dimensionality: (A) 0D nonporous monodispersed Au nanoparticles (0D) [109], © Elsevier, 2013; (B) 0D mesoporous silica nanoparticles (0D) [110], © MDPI, 2019; (C) 1D silver nanorods [111], © American Chemical Society, 2011; (D) 1D carbon nanotubes array [112], © IntechOpen, 2011; (E) 2D CuSe nanosheets [113], © Nature, 2014; (F) 2D graphene nanosheets [114], © Nature, 2012; (G) 3D WO₃ nanowire network [115], © Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences (Germany), 2018; and (H) 3D flake-flower NiO nanostructures [116], © Frontiers, 2020.