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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 21.
Published in final edited form as: Thromb Res. 2020 Mar 6;189:77–87. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.003

Table 3:

LPS Mediated hypercoagulability

Pathways Finding: References:
General Administration of LPS potentiated thrombus formation in murine models Wang, 2008 [71]
LPS levels correlated with elevated levels of vWF and factor VIII Carnavale, 2017 [68]
Platelet activation Platelets exposed to LPS have increase aggregation Raparelli, 2017 [78]
TLR4 mediated platelet activation Degranulation of alpha and dense granules Andonegui, 2005 [17]
Release of inflammatory cytokines Zhang, 2009 [80]
Release vWF and potentiates thrombin Rivadeneyra, 2014 [85]
Mediate platelet-neutrophil interactions and NET formation D’Atri and Schattner, 2017 [73]
TLR4 mediated activation of endothelial cells Release of vWF, Factor VIII and P-selectin from Weibel Palade bodies Carnevale, 2017 [68]
Pan, 2016 [79]
TLR 2 mediated platelet activation Platelet activation, aggregation with leukocytes, release of alpha and dense granules Blair, 2009 [83] Rex, 2009 [84] Rivadeneyra, 2014 [85]
TLR 2 mediated activation of endothelial cells Increase vWF, adhesion and arterial thrombus growth Jäckel, 2017 [21]
Increase tissue factor, PAI-1 and decrease TPA and TFPI Shin, 2011 [82]

LPS, lipopolysaccharides; VWF, von Willebrand factor; TL4, toll-like receptor 4 ; NET, neutrophil endothelial traps ; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TPA, tissue plasminogen activator; TFPI, tissue factor pathway inhibitor