Table 6:

Treatment Options

	Options:	Mechanism:
Dysbiosis	Prebiotics, probiotics	Ingestion of live organisms or supplements to induce growth of certain commensal anaerobes
	Antibiotics	Depletion of pathogenic microbiota leading to overgrowth of healthy gut flora
	Fecal microbial transplant	Transplantation of donor fecal samples
LPS	C11C1	Monoclonal antibody that blocks LPS binding site
	CD14 antibodies	Lead to TLR4 internalization and decrease LPS response
	Statins	Lead to increase expression of LDL-R and increase clearance of LPS
	PCSK9	Inhibit degradation of LDL-R leading to increase LPS clearance
	IL-1B inhibitors	Block downstream TLR4 pathway leading to decrease in CVD
TMAO	FMO inhibitors	Block conversion of TMA into TMAO
	DMB	Inhibit microbial TMA lyases to inhibit production of TMA
	CutC/D	Target microbial proteins

C11C1, HMW Kininogen antibody; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9; LDL-R, low density lipoprotein receptor; IL, interleukin; TLR4,toll-like receptor 4; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FMO, Flavin monooxygenases; DMB, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol;