Table 1.
Characteristics on admission and complications during hospitalisation.
| [ALL] n = 3712 n (%) |
Case (Deceased) n = 687 n (%) |
Control (Live Discharges) n = 3025 n (%) |
OR | p.ratio | p.overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Man | 1777 (47.9%) | 419 (61.0%) | 1358 (44.9%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Woman | 1930 (52.0%) | 268 (39.0%) | 1662 (54.9%) | 0.52 [0.44;0.62] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 5 (0.13%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (0.17%) | 0.00 [0.00;3.55] | 0.261 | |
| Age, years (mean (SD)) | 62.0 [48.0;78.0] | 83.0 [75.0;88.0] | 57.0 [44.0;72.0] | 1.10 [1.09;1.11] | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 2190 (59.0%) | 223 (32.5%) | 1967 (65.0%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1511 (40.7%) | 462 (67.2%) | 1049 (34.7%) | 3.88 [3.25;4.66] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 11 (0.30%) | 2 (0.29%) | 9 (0.30%) | 1.96 [0.20;9.55] | 0.406 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3043 (82.0%) | 459 (66.8%) | 2584 (85.4%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 656 (17.7%) | 225 (32.8%) | 431 (14.2%) | 2.94 [2.42;3.56] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 13 (0.35%) | 3 (0.44%) | 10 (0.33%) | 1.69 [0.30;6.59] | 0.433 | |
| Non-complicated diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3225 (86.9%) | 536 (78.0%) | 2689 (88.9%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 421 (11.3%) | 134 (19.5%) | 287 (9.49%) | 2.34 [1.85;2.95] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 66 (1.78%) | 17 (2.47%) | 49 (1.62%) | 1.74 [0.93;3.10] | 0.062 | |
| Complicated diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3545 (95.5%) | 623 (90.7%) | 2922 (96.6%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 100 (2.69%) | 45 (6.55%) | 55 (1.82%) | 3.84 [2.50;5.85] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 67 (1.80%) | 19 (2.77%) | 48 (1.59%) | 1.86 [1.02;3.24] | 0.031 | |
| Dislipemia | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 2526 (68.0%) | 334 (48.6%) | 2192 (72.5%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1168 (31.5%) | 350 (50.9%) | 818 (27.0%) | 2.81 [2.36;3.34] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 18 (0.48%) | 3 (0.44%) | 15 (0.50%) | 1.31 [0.24;4.67] | 0.641 | |
| Obesity | 0.001 | |||||
| No | 3190 (85.9%) | 564 (82.1%) | 2626 (86.8%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 459 (12.4%) | 102 (14.8%) | 357 (11.8%) | 1.33 [1.04;1.70] | 0.021 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 63 (1.70%) | 21 (3.06%) | 42 (1.39%) | 2.33 [1.30;4.06] | 0.003 | |
| Chronic heart disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3007 (81.0%) | 399 (58.1%) | 2608 (86.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 686 (18.5%) | 283 (41.2%) | 403 (13.3%) | 4.59 [3.80;5.54] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 19 (0.51%) | 5 (0.73%) | 14 (0.46%) | 2.33 [0.65;6.90] | 0.130 | |
| Chronic lung disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3475 (93.6%) | 619 (90.1%) | 2856 (94.4%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 216 (5.82%) | 60 (8.73%) | 156 (5.16%) | 1.77 [1.28;2.44] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 21 (0.57%) | 8 (1.16%) | 13 (0.43%) | 2.84 [1.02;7.42] | 0.030 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3434 (92.5%) | 588 (85.6%) | 2846 (94.1%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 260 (7.00%) | 95 (13.8%) | 165 (5.45%) | 2.79 [2.11;3.67] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 18 (0.48%) | 4 (0.58%) | 14 (0.46%) | 1.38 [0.33;4.42] | 0.556 | |
| Asthma | 0.040 | |||||
| No | 3489 (94.0%) | 656 (95.5%) | 2833 (93.7%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 205 (5.52%) | 26 (3.78%) | 179 (5.92%) | 0.63 [0.40;0.96] | 0.024 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 18 (0.48%) | 5 (0.73%) | 13 (0.43%) | 1.66 [0.46;4.99] | 0.347 | |
| Neurological chronic disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3331 (89.7%) | 543 (79.0%) | 2788 (92.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 363 (9.78%) | 139 (20.2%) | 224 (7.40%) | 3.18 [2.51;4.03] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 18 (0.48%) | 5 (0.73%) | 13 (0.43%) | 1.97 [0.55;5.93] | 0.218 | |
| Mild liver disease | 0.342 | |||||
| No | 3601 (97.0%) | 663 (96.5%) | 2938 (97.1%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 95 (2.56%) | 19 (2.77%) | 76 (2.51%) | 1.11 [0.63;1.87] | 0.680 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 16 (0.43%) | 5 (0.73%) | 11 (0.36%) | 2.01 [0.55;6.31] | 0.216 | |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 0.043 | |||||
| No | 3662 (98.7%) | 671 (97.7%) | 2991 (98.9%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 35 (0.94%) | 11 (1.60%) | 24 (0.79%) | 2.04 [0.90;4.36] | 0.063 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 15 (0.40%) | 5 (0.73%) | 10 (0.33%) | 2.23 [0.60;7.18] | 0.167 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3435 (92.5%) | 549 (79.9%) | 2886 (95.4%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 260 (7.00%) | 134 (19.5%) | 126 (4.17%) | 5.59 [4.27;7.31] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 17 (0.46%) | 4 (0.58%) | 13 (0.43%) | 1.62 [0.38;5.26] | 0.407 | |
| GF < 30: | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 137 (3.69%) | 65 (9.46%) | 72 (2.38%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 104 (2.80%) | 57 (8.30%) | 47 (1.55%) | 1.34 [0.78;2.31] | 0.261 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 3471 (93.5%) | 565 (82.2%) | 2906 (96.1%) | 0.22 [0.15;0.31] | <0.001 | |
| Solid malignant disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3304 (89.0%) | 546 (79.5%) | 2758 (91.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 387 (10.4%) | 135 (19.7%) | 252 (8.33%) | 2.71 [2.14;3.42] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 21 (0.57%) | 6 (0.87%) | 15 (0.50%) | 2.02 [0.64;5.54] | 0.167 | |
| Haematological chronic disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3481 (93.8%) | 615 (89.5%) | 2866 (94.7%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 211 (5.68%) | 67 (9.75%) | 144 (4.76%) | 2.17 [1.58;2.96] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 20 (0.54%) | 5 (0.73%) | 15 (0.50%) | 1.55 [0.44;4.52] | 0.400 | |
| Rheumatological disease | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3284 (88.5%) | 569 (82.8%) | 2715 (89.8%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 412 (11.1%) | 113 (16.4%) | 299 (9.88%) | 1.80 [1.41;2.29] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 16 (0.43%) | 5 (0.73%) | 11 (0.36%) | 2.17 [0.59;6.80] | 0.175 | |
| HIV infection | 0.668 | |||||
| No | 3671 (98.9%) | 678 (98.7%) | 2993 (98.9%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 21 (0.57%) | 4 (0.58%) | 17 (0.56%) | 1.04 [0.25;3.20] | 0.905 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 20 (0.54%) | 5 (0.73%) | 15 (0.50%) | 1.47 [0.42;4.28] | 0.455 | |
| Malnutrition | 0.002 | |||||
| No | 3670 (98.9%) | 671 (97.7%) | 2999 (99.1%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 15 (0.40%) | 8 (1.16%) | 7 (0.23%) | 5.10 [1.61;16.6] | 0.003 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 27 (0.73%) | 8 (1.16%) | 19 (0.63%) | 1.88 [0.71;4.52] | 0.152 | |
| Dementia | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3482 (93.8%) | 565 (82.2%) | 2917 (96.4%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 212 (5.71%) | 118 (17.2%) | 94 (3.11%) | 6.48 [4.82;8.72] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 18 (0.48%) | 4 (0.58%) | 14 (0.46%) | 1.47 [0.35;4.72] | 0.489 | |
| Mental illness | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3327 (89.6%) | 587 (85.4%) | 2740 (90.6%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 365 (9.83%) | 96 (14.0%) | 269 (8.89%) | 1.67 [1.28;2.15] | <0.001 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 20 (0.54%) | 4 (0.58%) | 16 (0.53%) | 1.17 [0.28;3.63] | 0.752 | |
| Non-severe mental illness, type | 0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 224 (6.03%) | 62 (9.02%) | 162 (5.36%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| 2 | 110 (2.96%) | 23 (3.35%) | 87 (2.88%) | 0.69 [0.38;1.22] | 0.184 | |
| 3 | 25 (0.67%) | 8 (1.16%) | 17 (0.56%) | 1.23 [0.44;3.19] | 0.643 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 3353 (90.3%) | 594 (86.5%) | 2759 (91.2%) | 0.56 [0.41;0.78] | <0.001 | |
| Severe mental illness | 0.288 | |||||
| No | 3561 (95.9%) | 663 (96.5%) | 2898 (95.8%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 132 (3.56%) | 19 (2.77%) | 113 (3.74%) | 0.74 [0.42;1.21] | 0.218 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 19 (0.51%) | 5 (0.73%) | 14 (0.46%) | 1.56 [0.44;4.61] | 0.399 | |
| Severe mental illness, type | 0.017 | |||||
| 1 | 74 (1.99%) | 5 (0.73%) | 69 (2.28%) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| 2 | 22 (0.59%) | 4 (0.58%) | 18 (0.60%) | 3.02 [0.54;15.7] | 0.146 | |
| 3 | 36 (0.97%) | 10 (1.46%) | 26 (0.86%) | 5.21 [1.46;21.4] | 0.005 | |
| ‘Missing’ | 3580 (96.4%) | 668 (97.2%) | 2912 (96.3%) | 3.17 [1.29;10.1] | 0.005 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2.00 [0.00;5.00] | 5.00 [4.00;7.00] | 2.00 [0.00;4.00] | 1.57 [1.51;1.63] | <0.001 | <0.001 |
GF < 30, glomerular filtration lower than 30 mL/min; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NR, normal range; OR, odds ratio; p.ratio, p-value in the logistic regression; p.overall, p ratio of t.