Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| All Patients (n = 403) |
Patients Not Prescribed OAT1/OAT3 Inhibitors (n = 92) |
Patients Prescribed at Least One OAT1/OAT3 Inhibitor (n = 311) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics |
||||
| Age (years) | 56 (48–66) | 52 (43–61) | 58 (49–670) | 0.002 |
| Males | 250 (62.0) | 59 (64.1) | 191 (61.4) | 0.727 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 (23.4–29.7) | 24.6 (22.5–28.4) | 26.9 (23.9–30.4) | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Time since transplantation (months) |
78.0 (40.0–158.5) | 76.0 (39.8–218.3) | 78.0 (40.0–146.5) | 0.281 |
| CKD stage | ||||
| 1 | 13 (3.2) | 1 (1.1) | 12 (3.9) | |
| 2 | 68 (16.9) | 17 (18.5) | 51 (16.4) | |
| 3A + 3B | 228 (56.5) | 57 (62.0) | 171 (55.0) | 0.393 |
| 4 | 84 (20.8) | 16 (17.4) | 68 (21.9) | |
| 5 | 10 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 9 (2.9) | |
| Cause of CKD, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 20 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 20 (6.4) | |
| Vascular disease | 26 (6.5) | 1 (1.1) | 25 (8.0) | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 38 (9.4) | 12 (13.0) | 26 (8.4) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 62 (15.4) | 15 (16.3) | 47 (15.1) | 0.043 |
| Interstitial nephritis | 5 (1.2) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Autoimmune disorder | 72 (17.9) | 17 (18.5) | 55 (17.7) | |
| Genetic disorder | 45 (11.2) | 15 (16.3) | 30 (9.6) | |
| Other causes | 135 (33.5) | 31 (33.7) | 104 (33.4) | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 142 (132–158) | 142 (130–156) | 142 (132–158) | 0.700 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (72–87) | 81 (74–90) | 80 (72–86) | 0.111 |
| PP (mmHg) | 64 (54–75) | 62 (50–71) | 64 (54–75) | 0.156 |
| Hypertension | 392 (97.3) | 90 (97.8) | 301 (96.8) | 1.000 |
| Liver disease | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1.000 |
| Characteristics of calcineurin inhibitors |
||||
| Cyclosporine | 155 (38.46) | 38 (41.30) | 117 (37.62) | 0.524 |
| Tacrolimus | 248 (61.54) | 54 (58.70) | 194 (62.38) | |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| eGFR (MDRD) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 41 (30–57) | 42.5 (34–57) | 39 (30–57) | 0.128 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 146 (116–187) | 142 (116–177) | 148 (116–192) | 0.387 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.41 (2.32–2.49) | 2.41 (2.33–2.50) | 2.41 (2.32–2.49) | 0.769 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.05 (0.91–1.20) | 1.03 (0.89–1.13) | 1.05 (0.91–1.23) | 0.084 |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 471 (390–565) | 483 (399–540) | 458 (388–573) | 0.906 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.70 (0.60–9.00) | 1.80 (0.30–4.20) | 4.50 (0.90–11.20) | 0.007 |
| Protein (g/L) | 67 (64–70) | 67 (63–69) | 67 (64–70) | 0.984 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 38.9 (36.7–41.1) | 39.8 (38.0–41.7) | 38.8 (36.5–40.9) | 0.010 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 (4.8–6.3) | 5.1 (4.6–5.8) | 5.5 (4.9–6.5) | <0.001 |
| Uremic toxins | ||||
| IxS (µg/mL) | 2.22 (1.22–3.43) | 1.86 (1.09–3.04) | 2.30 (1.29–3.60) | 0.030 |
| PCS (µg/mL) | 4.32 (1.52–7.76) | 2.90 (1.52–5.48) | 4.96 (1.57–8.56) | 0.008 |
| TMAO (µg/mL) | 0.71 (0.35–1.54) | 0.58 (0.38–1.25) | 0.75 (0.33–1.61) | 0.347 |
| IAA (µg/mL) | 0.39 (0.25–0.57) | 0.36 (0.23–0.47) | 0.41 (0.26–0.60) | 0.015 |
The data are quoted as the median (interquartile range) or the frequency (percentage). BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IAA, indole-acetic acid; IxS, indoxyl sulfate; pCS, para-cresyl sulfate; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide.