Figure 18.

(A) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCS) are cultured in osteogenic medium to form three-dimensional cell sheets. Histological examination (alizarin red staining) of the preimplantation tablet reveals mineralization. (Reproduced with permission from the Reference [131]). (B) Production of cell sheets with magnetically prelabeled cells. In a low-adhesion cell culture dish placed on a magnet, magnetically labeled cells undergo cell expansion in the dish to produce thin sheets of cells that are easy to separate. (Reproduced with permission from the Reference [132]). (C) Cell sheets are used for bone tissue repair. (Reproduced with permission from the Reference [69]). (D) Myocardium cell rings are constructed by magnetic assembly technology. A silicone plug is placed on an ultra-low adhesion surface to create a ring structure, and myocardium cells that marked by magnetic particles are implanted into a hole above the magnet. Cells are attracted by a magnetic force and accumulate on the surface of the culture. During 2D culture, the cell sheet contracts sharply, and the cells form a ring structure around the silica plug. A bright-field photograph of a honeycomb ring is shown, along with a bright-field micrograph of a cross-section stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (Reproduced with permission from the Reference [132]).