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. 2021 Sep 28;7(1):e10250. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10250

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

RNA‐seq analysis reveals differentially expressed genes in mito‐transferred Y74‐ADSCs. (a) Heat map of the 334 upregulated genes and the 47 downregulated genes in mito‐transferred Y74‐ADSCs versus control Y74‐ADSCs (n = 3). (b) Gene Ontology analysis of upregulated (top) and downregulated (bottom) by mitochondrial transplantation. (c) String analysis identified genes in mito‐transferred Y74‐ADSCs that associated with CDK1 and CDK2. (d) Gene networks displaying interactions between downregulated genes related to differentiation. (e) Schematic illustration of highly proliferative Y74‐ADSCs construction by incorporating exogenous mitochondria to accelerate the cell cycle. Exogenous mitochondrial transfer promotes the glycolysis, that efficiently produces ATP and stimulates recipient cell proliferation via enhanced CDK1/2. The activities of these CDKs are primarily regulated by the periodic expression of their cyclin‐binding partners, temporally control sequential cell cycle transitions through G1 to S phase and G2 to M phase. The division cycle contains long growth phase (G1) followed by a DNA synthesis phase (S) that is followed by a short growth phase (G2) before the next round of mitotic division (M)