Treatment of MDX mice with anti-Lcn2 antibody: muscle phenotype. (A) Evaluation of muscle performance of MDX mice treated with irrelevant IgG (IgG) or with an anti-Lcn2 antibody (Lcn2Ab) during the timeframe of the experiment. (B) Reflotron and ELISA assays to evaluate serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and (C) myoglobin, respectively. (D) Explanted diaphragm (Diaph), quadriceps (Quad), and soleus (Sol) were snap-frozen without fixation and embedded in OCT. After sectioning, muscles were subjected to haematoxylin/eosin staining to assess % of intact fibres and (E) to Masson’s trichrome staining to evaluate fibrosis. (F) Diaphragm and (G) quadriceps were explanted and subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and comparative transcriptional analysis via real-time PCR. The genes analysed were myogenic differentiation d1 (Myod1), myogenin (Myog), paired box protein 7 (Pax7), interleukin (Il)6, collagen (Col)1a1, and Col3a1. Results are the mean ± SD of at least four mice/group. In (A), curve fitting test. In (B–G) Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 vs. IgG.