Table 3.
Comparison of percentage below EAR and above UL cut-points for risk of calcium, iron and zinc deficiency and excess respectively, by age group.
| Day-1 Intake | Usual Intake | Difference 1 for % < EAR and (% > UL) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Group | % < EAR (95% CI) |
% > UL (95% CI) |
% < EAR (95% CI) |
% > UL (95% CI) |
||
| Calcium (mg/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 500–2500 mg; 4–8 years = 800–2500 mg; 9–<10 years = 1100–3000 mg |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
66.2 (59.9–72.6) |
0.0 (-) |
70.2 (51.1–89.3) |
0.0 (-) |
4.0% (0.0%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
87.3 (83.3–91.2) |
0.0 (-) |
94.8 (91.5–98.2) |
0.0 (-) |
7.5% (0.0%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
95.9 (93.5–98.2) |
0.0 (-) |
99.4 (98.3–100.0) |
0.0 (-) |
3.5% (0.0%) |
|
| Iron (mg/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 3–40 mg; 4–8 years = 4.1–40 mg; Male:9–<10 years = 5.9–40 mg; Female:9–<10 years = 5.7–40 mg |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
3.4 (1.0–5.7) |
0.0 (-) |
1.0 (0.0–3.2) |
0.0 (-) |
−2.4% (0.0%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
2.7 (1.0–4.3) |
0.0 (-) |
0.01 (0.0–0.1) |
0.0 (-) |
−2.7% (0.0%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
2.5 (0.9–4.2) |
0.0 (-) |
0.3 (0.0–0.8) |
0.0 (-) |
−2.2% (0.0%) |
|
| Zinc (mg/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 2.2–7 mg; 4–8 years = 4–12 mg; 9–10 years = 7–23 mg |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
1.6 (0.0–3.4) |
35.0 (28.8–41.2) |
0.1 (0.0–0.5) |
35.3 (13.5–57.1) |
−1.5% (0.3%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
8.9 (6.2–11.7) |
21.6 (16.9–26.3) |
0.5 (0.0–1.6) |
20.9 (17.2–24.6) |
−8.4% (−0.7%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
12.4 (8.8–15.9) |
13.2 (9.7–16.8) |
4.9 (2.7–7.0) |
4.7 (0.0–9.5) |
−7.5% (−8.5%) |
|
EAR = Estimated Average Requirement [37]. UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level: The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. 1 Difference: % (usual intake < EAR) minus % (Day-1 intake < EAR). Day-1 intake: The reported 24-h recall on the first visit. Calculations were made using sample weights and the complex survey design. Usual intake: long-term daily average intake as calculated using the NCI amount-only method, using BRR weights [6].