Table 9.
Mean (SE of the mean), median (SE of median) and percentage differences (usual intake versus Day-1 intake) for thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate intakes, by age group.
| Age 1–<3 Years n = 333 |
Age 3–<6 Years n = 514 |
Age 6–<10 Years n = 479 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | Usual Intake | Day-1 Intake | % Diff | Usual Intake | Day-1 Intake | % Diff | Usual Intake | Day-1 Intake | % Diff | |
| Thiamine (mg/day) | Mean (SE) | 1.0 (0.03) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.0 | 1.0 (0.01) |
1.0 (0.03) |
0.0 | 1.2 (0.03) |
1.2 (0.02) |
0.0 |
| Median (SE) | 0.9 (0.01) |
0.9 (0.04) |
0.0 | 1.0 (0.02) |
0.9 (0.03) |
11.1 *** |
1.1 (0.03) |
1.1 (0.04) |
0.0 * |
|
| Niacin (mgNE/day) | Mean (SE) | 11.5 (0.4) |
11.5 (0.4) |
0.0 | 14.2 (0.2) |
14.2 (0.4) |
0.0 | 17.2 (0.4) |
17.3 (0.4) |
−0.6 |
| Median (SE) | 11.3 (0.3) |
10.6 (0.4) |
6.6 ** |
13.8 (0.2) |
13.2 (0.4) |
4.6 ** |
16.8 (0.4) |
16.7 (0.5) |
0.6 * |
|
| Riboflavin (mg/day) | Mean (SE) | 0.9 (0.1) |
0.9 (0.04) |
0.0 | 0.9 (0.02) |
0.9 (0.03) |
0.0 | 1.0 (0.03) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.0 |
| Median (SE) | 0.8 (0.1) |
0.8 (0.04) |
0.0 ** |
0.9 (0.02) |
0.8 (0.05) |
12.5 *** |
0.9 (0.02) |
0.9 (0.04) |
0.0 *** |
|
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | Mean (SE) | 1.4 (0.05) |
1.4 (0.05) |
0.0 | 1.8 (0.01) |
1.8 (0.04) |
0.0 | 2.5 (0.04) |
2.5 (0.1) |
0.0 |
| Median (SE) | 1.3 (0.04) |
1.2 (0.1) |
8.3 * |
1.8 (0.02) |
1.7 (0.05) |
5.9 *** |
2.4 (0.04) |
2.2 (0.1) |
9.1 ** |
|
| Vitamin B12 (ug/day) | Mean (SE) | 2.2 (0.1) |
2.3 (0.3) |
−4.4 | 2.9 (0.1) |
3.3 (0.4) |
−12.1 | 4.3 (0.4) |
4.7 (0.6) |
−8.5 |
| Median (SE) | 1.7 (0.5) |
1.1 (0.1) |
54.6 *** |
2.9 (0.2) |
1.3 (0.1) |
123.1 *** |
3.5 (0.3) |
1.7 (0.1) |
105.8 *** |
|
| Folate (ug/day) | Mean (SE) | 225.4 (12.7) |
225.0 (12.1) |
0.2 | 253.2 (4.0) |
253.2 (11.6) |
0.0 | 282.1 (7.5) |
284.6 (7.9) |
−0.9 |
| Median (SE) | 210.1 (10.5) |
200.0 (9.8) |
5.1 ** |
238.7 (9.9) |
202.3 (11.8) |
18.0 *** |
266.0 (5.5) |
242.9 (5.5) |
9.5 ** |
|
Day-1 intake: The reported 24-h recall on the first visit. Usual intake: long-term daily average intake as calculated using the NCI amount-only method [6]. EAR = Estimated Average Requirement [37]. Percentage difference of the usual intake relative to Day-1 intake is computed for means and medians as follows: % Diff = 100 × (Usual intake − Day-1 intake)/(Day-1 intake). There were no significant differences between the means of Day-1 intake and usual intake, t-test, p-values > 0.05. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001: Significant difference between locations of Day-1 and usual intakes, Kruskal–Wallis test.