Table 11.
Comparison of percentage below EAR and above UL cut-points for risk of thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and excess (where applicable), by age group.
| Day-1 Intake | Usual Intake | Difference 1 in % < EAR & % > UL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % < EAR | % > UL | % < EAR | % > UL | |||
| Thiamine (mg/day)EAR: 1–3 years = 0.4 mg; 4–8 years = 0.5 mg; 9–<10 years = 0.7 mg; No UL |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
4.8 (1.5–8.0) |
- | 1.6 (0.0–4.8) |
- | 3.2% |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
6.9 (4.0–9.7) |
0.7 (0.0–2.7) |
6.2% |
|||
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
4.8 (2.0–7.6) |
1.3 (0.0–3.1) |
3.5% |
|||
| Niacin (mgNE/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 5–10 mgNE; 4–8 years = 6–15 mgNE; 9–<10 years = 9–20 mgNE |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
10.7 (6.6–14.9) |
56.0 (49.5–62.4) |
0.1 (0.0–0.9) |
0.0 (-) |
10.6% (−56.0%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
5.9 (3.3–8.5) |
51.2 (46.5–55.9) |
0.3 (0.0–1.0) |
0.0 (-) |
5.6% (−51.2%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
5.4 (3.1–7.7) |
56.8 (51.7–61.8) |
0.5 (0.2–0.8) |
0.0 (-) |
4.9% (−56.8%) |
|
| Riboflavin (mg/day) EAR: 1–3 years = 0.4 mg; 4–8 years = 0.5 mg; 9–<10 years = 0.8 mg; No UL |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
17.4 (11.2–23.7) |
5.6 (0.0–12.6) |
11.8% |
||
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
19.5 (14.3–24.7) |
2.3 (0.0–8.1) |
17.2% |
|||
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
23.4 (18.5–28.2) |
11.4 (4.9–18.0) |
12.0% |
|||
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 0.4–30 mg; 4–8 years = 0.5–40 mg; 9–<10 years = 0.8–60 mg |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
2.5 (0.7–4.3) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
2.5% (0.0%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
2.6 (0.9–4.3) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
2.6% (0.0%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
0.8 (0.0–1.6) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
0.0 (-) |
0.8% (0.0%) |
|
| Vitamin B12 (ug/day) EAR: 1–3 years = 0.7 ug; 4–8 years = 1.0 ug; 9–<10 years = 1.5 ug; No UL |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
34.4 (27.0–41.8) |
14.3 (0.0–56.4) |
20.1% |
||
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
36.7 (30.9–42.4) |
0.0 (-) |
36.7% |
|||
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
35.0 (29.6–40.3) |
5.4 (0.0–13.2) |
29.6% |
|||
| Folate (ug/day) EAR-UL: 1–3 years = 120–300 ug; 4–8 years = 160–400 ug; 9–<10 years = 250–600 ug |
1–<3 years (n = 333) |
22.9 (16.6–29.3) |
20.8 (15.5–26.0) |
9.6 (0.0–22.1) |
18.6 (6.1–31.2) |
13.3% (−2.4%) |
| 3–<6 years (n = 514) |
26.5 (21.1–31.9) |
21.6 (16.1–27.1) |
10.3 (0.0–22.2) |
14.6 (9.2–19.9) |
16.2% (−7.0%) |
|
| 6–<10 years (n = 479) |
27.8 (23.4–32.2) |
16.2 (11.5–20.9) |
15.5 (12.4–18.6) |
11.1 (6.4–15.9) |
12.3% (−4.4%) |
|
EAR = Estimated Average Requirement [37]. UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level: The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. 1 Difference: % (usual intake < EAR) minus % (Day-1 intake < EAR). Day-1 intake: The reported 24-h recall on the first visit. Calculations were made using sample weights and the complex survey design. Usual intake: long-term daily average intake as calculated using the NCI amount-only method, using BRR weights.