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. 2022 Jan 17;12(2):288. doi: 10.3390/nano12020288

Table 1.

Most common reactions for bioconjugation in living systems.

Chemical Group
(R1 or R2)		 Partner Group
(R2 or R1)		 Conjugation Product Ref.
A graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i001.jpg graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i002.jpg NHS-ester graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i003.jpg Amide derivate [117]
B Amine graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i004.jpg Isocyanate or isothiocyanate graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i005.jpg (Thio)Urea derivate
C graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i006.jpg graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i007.jpg Maleimide graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i008.jpg Thioether derivate [117]
D Thiol graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i009.jpg Iodoacetamide graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i010.jpg Thioether derivate
E Inline graphic
Ketone or aldehyde 		graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i012.jpg Hydrazide graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i013.jpg Hydrazone derivate [114,117]
F graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i014.jpg Aminooxy graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i015.jpg Oxime derivate
G graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i016.jpg Amine graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i017.jpg Imine derivate
H Inline graphic
Azide 		graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i019.jpg Alkyne graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i020.jpg Triazole derivate [114,115]
I graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i021.jpg Cyclooctyne graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i022.jpg Triazole derivate
J graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i023.jpg Staudinger phosphine graphic file with name nanomaterials-12-00288-i024.jpg Amide derivate