Table 1.

Studies reporting on urgent/emergent general surgery interventions performed with a robotic approach

References	Study design	Nb. of patients	Time period	Pathology	Intervention	Robotic platform	Outcomes	Results
Comparative studies
Hosein et al. [21]	Retrospective cohort study	131 robotic cases 719 open cases 1517 laparoscopic cases	January 2015–December 2017	Hiatal hernia	Hiatal hernia repair	Unknown	Perioperative outcomes	Trend towards better outcomes in minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic and robotic) as compared to open approach
Kubat et al. [22]	Retrospective cohort study	76 robotic (elective) cases 74 robotic (urgent) cases	May 2001–August 2013	Acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, severe chronic cholecystitis	Robotic single-site cholecystectomy	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™	Perioperative outcomes and learning curve	Robotic single-site cholecystectomy is safe and can be applied to urgent and elective settings with acceptable perioperative outcomes. Learning curve of 50 cases
Robinson et al. [12]	Retrospective cohort study	4 robotic cases 0 laparoscopic cases	2015–2019	Perforated gastrojejunal ulcers following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery	Repairs of perforated gastrojejunal ulcers	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™/Xi™	Perioperative outcomes	Outcomes are non-inferior to laparoscopy with the use of the robot. In-room-to-surgery time is reduced in the robotic group. Costs are greater in the robotic group
Anderson et al. [9]	Retrospective cohort study on a prospective database	6 robotic cases 13 laparoscopic cases	February 2015–February 2017	Severe acute ulcerative colitis	Subtotal colectomy	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Xi™	Feasibility and perioperative outcomes	Robotic subtotal colectomy has similar perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy
Case series and case reports
Kudsi et al. [25]	Case series	34 robotic cases	February 2013–November 2019	Ventral hernia	Robotic ventral hernia repair	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci™	Perioperative outcomes and mid-term follow-up	Robotic ventral hernia repair is effective in the emergency setting
Ceccarelli et al. [21]	Case series	3 robotic cases	December 2009–December 2019	Giant hiatal hernia	Hernia repair ± fundoplication	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Xi™	Perioperative outcomes	Uneventful postoperative course in patients, one patient developed an antrum stenosis due to preoperative mucosal ischemia
Milone et al. [23]	Case series	3 robotic cases	2019	Moderate acute calculous cholecystitis	Robotic cholecystectomy	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™	Perioperative outcomes	Uneventful postoperative course
Sudan et al. [24]	Case report	Robotic cases	2001	Complications of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch	Robotic strictureplasty Robotic suture of duodenal stump	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™	Perioperative outcomes	Uneventful postoperative course
Felli et al. [10]	Case report	1 robotic case	2014	Hemorrhagic right colon cancer	Robotic right colectomy with double-barreled ileocolostomy	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™	Perioperative outcomes	Uneventful postoperative course. At 5 months of follow-up, no recurrence was noted
Pedraza et al. [19]	Case report	1 robotic case	2001	Iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation	Robotic colorrhaphy	Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Si™	Perioperative outcomes	Uneventful postoperative course