Figure 3.

Forest plot of estimated changes and 95% CIs in aging-related indices in relation to isocaloric substitution of plant-based protein for animal-based protein. * Symbol “→” represents substitution of protein from the left-side food source for protein from the right-side food source. “Plant” and “Animal” stands for “all the plant-based food sources” and “all the animal-based food sources”, respectively. The content in the bracket after the substitution exposure describes the substituted exposure’s unit and data type: “0.1g/BW” in the study by Montiel-Rojas et al. was substitution of 0.1g total plant protein per body weight for the detriment of total animal protein. “1%” in the study by Ortolá et al. referred to substitution of 1% of total energy intake from total plant protein for various animal-based proteins. Abbreviation: BW, body weight; CI, confidence interval.