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. 2022 Jan 17;11(2):463. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020463

Table 2.

Therapeutic effects of the treatments for improvement of corneal staining score (SICCA).

95% CI
Treatments ß Lower Upper p
Oral pilocarpine 1.017 0.995 1.039 0.141
Low-dose oral steroid 1.220 0.724 2.057 0.455
Tear substitutes
 Carbomer gel 1.035 1.002 1.069 0.037 *
 Lanoline ointment 1.142 1.008 1.274 0.033 *
 Diquafosol 3% 1.203 1.060 1.475 0.005 *
Topical cyclosporine 1.082 0.980 1.191 0.099
Steroid eye drops (frequency dependent)
 Prednisolone 1% 1.255 1.058 1.487 0.009 *
 Loteprednol 0.5% 1.229 1.002 1.486 0.042 *
 Fluorometholone 0.1% 1.188 1.012 1.395 0.035 *
Punctal plug insertion
 Lower eyelid 2.697 2.161 3.365 <0.001 *
 Upper eyelid 1.801 1.369 2.370 <0.001 *

Adjustment for corneal staining score and ocular surface inflammation. * p < 0.05.