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. 2022 Jan 17;11(2):463. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020463

Table 3.

Therapeutic effects of the treatments for improvement of symptoms.

95% CI
Treatments ß Lower Upper p
Oral pilocarpine 0.987 0.962 1.013 0.987
Low-dose oral steroid 0.972 0.882 1.070 0.972
Tear substitutes
 Carbomer gel 1.030 0.996 1.065 0.089
 Lanoline ointment 1.040 1.006 1.077 0.023 *
 Diquafosol 3% 1.027 1.003 1.052 0.022 *
Topical cyclosporine 0.920 0.836 1.013 0.136
Steroid eye drops (frequency dependent)
 Prednisolone 1% 1.297 1.174 1.434 <0.001 *
 Loteprednol 0.5% 1.228 1.034 1.542 0.017 *
 Fluorometholone 0.1% 1.228 1.124 1.343 <0.001 *
Punctal plug insertion
 Lower eyelid 2.867 2.248 3.655 <0.001 *
 Upper eyelid 2.102 1.535 2.877 <0.001 *

Adjustment for corneal staining score and ocular surface inflammation. * p < 0.05.