Table 3.

Oral and dental manifestations of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis [114].

Dental pain

Mobile teeth

Halitosis (bad breath)

Nasal stuffiness

Nasal discharge with epistaxis, black purulent discharge

Necrotic bone/Sequestrum formation in the palate and maxillary alveolus Formation of Oro-antral/Oro-nasal communications/fistulae Non-healing extraction sockets with signs similar to alveolar osteitis or chronic osteomyelitis. Trismus due to involvement of muscles of mastication Para-sinusal pain

Intraoral/Extra oral draining sinuses

Erythema of nasal mucosa

Palatal ulceration

Facial erythema

Black discoloration of skin

Periorbital erythema and edema, cellulitis

Orbital Pain, Ptosis, Diplopia, Vision loss, Ophthalmoplegia Headache