Table 2.
Summaries of landmark trials with SGLT2 inhibitors.
| Trial | Year Published | Treatment (s) | Primary or Secondary End-Point | Composite Kidney Outcome | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPA-REG OUTCOME [24] | 2015 | Empagliflozin vs. placebo | Secondary | Doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of kidney replacement therapy or death from renal disease | 0.54 (0.40–0.75) |
| CANVAS [25] | 2017 | Canagliflozin vs. placebo | Secondary | Sustained 40% reduction in eGFR, need for kidney replacement therapy, or death from renal cause | 0.6 (0.47–0.77) |
| CREDENCE [26] | 2019 | Canagliflozin vs. placebo | Primary | End-stage kidney disease, doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes | 0.70 (0.59– 0.82) |
| DECLARE-TIMI [27] | 2019 | Dapagliflozin vs. placebo | Secondary | Sustained ≥40% reduction in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, new end-stage kidney disease or death from renal cause | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) |
| DAPA-CKD [28] | 2020 | Dapagliflozin vs. placebo | Primary | Sustained ≥50% reduction in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease, or death from renal or cardiovascular cause | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) |
| EMPEROR-Reduced [29] | 2020 | Empagliflozin vs. placebo | Secondary | Sustained ≥40% reduction in eGFR, chronic dialysis, renal transplant or sustained eGFR < 10–15 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.50 (0.32–0.77) |
| EMPA-KIDNEY | 2022 | Empagliflozin vs. placebo | Primary | End-stage kidney disease, a sustained reduction in eGFR to <10 mL/min/1.73 m2, renal death, or a sustained decline of ≥40% in eGFR | Ongoing |
CANVAS = Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study; CI = confidence interval; CREDENCE = Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; DAPA-CKD = Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease; DECLARE-TIMI = Dapagliflozin effect on cardiovascular events; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; EMPA-KIDNEY = study of heart and kidney protection with empagliflozin; EMPA-REG OUTCOME = empagliflozin cardiovascular outcome event trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; EMPEROR-Reduced = Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.