Figure 3.

Cure strategies focusing upon clearance of the latent reservoir. There are many different therapeutics that are being investigated for HIV cure. CAR T-cells are engineered with chimeric receptors to better respond to virally infected cells and eliminate them. Vaccines can induce B cell production of antibodies against virus, but also T-cell responses to help clear the infected cells. PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 are suppressors of T-cell activation and by blocking these interactions, there can be increased T-cell activation. Il-15 superagonist and TLR agonists can be administered to individuals to bolster the cell-mediated immune response. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can be directly administered to neutralize virus. Of note, eradication of the latent HIV reservoir and establishment of potent immune responses may result in eventual functional or sterilizing cure and will likely require combination approaches as shown in this schematic with various potential drugs, small molecules, or interleukins as treatment.