Table 2.
Nanocarrier systems (core/shell NPs and exosomes) produced by microfluidics for drug and gene delivery.
| Type of Nanocarrier |
Nanocarrier Composition |
Therapeutics | Microfluidic Device Type |
Potential Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CORE: PCL-PEI/SHELL: CHOL, DSPE-PEG2000, and DOPE | siEGFR | Three-stage microfluidic chip (MiTASChip Ltd., Jiangsu, China) | Cancer: PC3 cells and xenograft model bearing PC-3 tumor | [95] | |
| CORE: PEI/SHELL: CHOL, DPPC, and DMG-PEG | pGLP-1 | CIJM and MIVM | Oral delivery type II diabetes-293T, A549, HepG2, HeLa cells, and BALB/c mice | [96] | |
| CORE: Cationic material (SW-01)/SHELL: ionizable lipid, DOPE, and PEG-lipid | mRNAs: mEGFP and mSARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) (in vitro)/mLuc (in vivo) | Two-step microfluidic mixer (Inano D, Micro&Nano Technology Inc., China) | Prophylactic COVID vaccine: DC 2.4, HEK-293 T cells, and BALB/c mice | [97] | |
| CORE: PLGA/SHELL: Lecithin and DSPE-PEG 2000 | Sorafenib | Borosilicate glass capillaries | Cancer: MDA-MB231, PC3-MM2, and HT29-MTX cells | [98] | |
| CORE: PLGA/SHELL: DOTAP, DOPE, CHOL, DPPC, and DSPE-PEG | - | Two-stage microfluidic device | HUVEC cells and BALB/c mice | [99] | |
| CORE: PLGA and CPP-SA/SHELL: DPPC, DSPE-PEG, and CHOL | Ketamine and hydromorphone | Two-stage microfluidic device | Intractable neuropathic pain: Chronic constriction injury (CCI)-rats | [100] | |
| CORE: PLGA/SHELL: Lecithin and DSPE-PEG | Rifampicin | MIVM and herringbone-patterned MIVM | Tuberculosis | [101] | |
| BIOMIMETIC VESICLES | LIPIDS: DPPC, DOPC and CHOL/PROTEIN: leukocyte membrane proteins | - | N/A * | J774 macrophages | [102] |
| CORE: PLGA/SHELL: cancer cell or exosome membranes or lipids (DPPC, CHOL, and DSPE-PEG) | - | Two-stage microfluidic device | Cancer: A549, MDA-MB-231, RAW 264.7 cells, and xenograft model bearing A549 and MDA-MB-231tumors | [103] | |
| LIPIDS: (1) DPPC, DOPC, and CHOL and (2) DAP, DSPE-PEG2000, and CHOL/PROTEIN: hPSC-derived excitatory cortical neurons | - | N/A * | Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and trigeminal ganglion of C57BL/6mice | [104] | |
| LIPIDS: DOTMA, CHOL, TPGS | Molecular beacons: TPGS exosomal RNA FAM-miR-21 MBs and Cy5-TTF-1 MBs | Layer-by-layer micromixer biochip | Cancer: A549 NSCLC and BEAS-2B cells | [105] |
* NanoAssemblr Benchtop ™ (Precision Nanosystems, Vancouver, BC, Canada).