Table 3.
Knowledge scores according to socio-demographic characteristics.
| Parameters | All Subjects (1200) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (400) | Tertile 2 (400) | Tertile 3 (400) | Tertile3 vs. Tertile1 | ||
| Total Knowledge Score | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age Group (Years) | |||||
| 18–25 (174) | 43.1 | 32.8 | 24.1 | Reference | 0.002 |
| 26–35 (644) | 32.1 | 35.4 | 32.5 | 1.80 (1.2, 2.8) ** | |
| 36–45 (200) | 35.5 | 29 | 35.5 | 1.79 (1.1, 2.9) * | |
| >45 (182) | 25.8 | 31.3 | 42.9 | 2.96 (1.8, 5.0) ** | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married (445) | 33.7 | 33 | 33.3 | Reference | 0.55 |
| Unmarried (657) | 33.9 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 0.96 (0.7, 1.3) | |
| Divorced (98) | 27.6 | 31.6 | 40.8 | 1.50 (0.9, 2.6) | |
| Family Income (SAR/Month) | |||||
| <3000 (138) | 39.1 | 31.2 | 29.7 | 0.80 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.006 |
| 3001–9000 (161) | 41 | 34.8 | 24.2 | 0.63 (0.4, 0.9) * | |
| 9001–15,000 (464) | 35.1 | 31.7 | 33.2 | Reference | |
| 15,001–21,000 (315) | 28.3 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 1.34 (0.9, 1.9) | |
| >21,000 (122) | 23 | 33.6 | 43.4 | 2.00 (1.2, 3.3) ** | |
| Education Level | |||||
| Secondary (345) | 34.8 | 34.2 | 31 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Graduate (691) | 37.2 | 34 | 28.8 | 0.87 (0.6, 1.2) | |
| Post-graduate (164) | 14 | 28.7 | 57.3 | 4.58 (2.7, 7.7) ** | |
| Parameters | Males (476) | ||||
| Tertile 1 (159) | Tertile 2 (158) | Tertile 3 (159) | Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 | ||
| Total Knowledge Score | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 | OR (95% C.I.) | p-value |
| Age Group (Years) | |||||
| 18–25 (61) | 36.1 | 34.4 | 29.5 | Reference | 0.11 |
| 26–35 (217) | 33.6 | 37.3 | 29 | 1.05 (0.5, 2.1) | |
| 36–45 (105) | 38.1 | 27.6 | 34.3 | 1.10 (0.5, 2.3) | |
| >45 (93) | 25.8 | 29 | 45.2 | 2.14 (0.9, 4.7) | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married (175) | 33.1 | 33.7 | 33.1 | Reference | 0.21 |
| Unmarried (271) | 34.3 | 34.3 | 31.4 | 0.91 (0.6, 1.5) | |
| Divorced (30) | 26.7 | 20 | 53.3 | 2.00 (0.8, 5.0) | |
| Family Income (SAR/Month) | |||||
| <3000 (22) | 45.5 | 31.8 | 22.7 | 0.45 (0.1, 1.4) | 0.70 |
| 3001–9000 (57) | 38.6 | 36.8 | 24.6 | 0.59 (0.3, 1.3) | |
| 9001–15,000 (186) | 31.7 | 33.3 | 34.9 | Reference | |
| 15,001–21,000 (153) | 32 | 34 | 34 | 0.96 (0.6, 1.6) | |
| >21,000 (58) | 32.8 | 27.6 | 39.7 | 1.10 (0.5, 2.2) | |
| Education Level | |||||
| Secondary (180) | 32.2 | 31.1 | 36.7 | Reference | 0.016 |
| Graduate (262) | 35.9 | 35.5 | 28.6 | 0.72 (0.5, 1.1) | |
| Post-graduate (34) | 20.6 | 26.5 | 52.9 | 2.66 (1.1, 7.0) * | |
| Parameters | Females (724) | ||||
| Tertile 1 (241) | Tertile 2 (241) | Tertile 3 (242) | Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 | ||
| Total Knowledge score | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.1 | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age Group (Years) | |||||
| 18–25 (113) | 46 | 31 | 23 | Reference | 0.03 |
| 26–35 (427) | 30.9 | 35.4 | 33.7 | 2.18 (1.3, 3.7) ** | |
| 36–45 (95) | 33.7 | 29.5 | 36.8 | 2.19 (1.1, 4.3) * | |
| >45 (89) | 28.1 | 30.3 | 41.6 | 2.96 (1.5, 5.9) ** | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married (270) | 35.2 | 30.4 | 34.4 | Reference | 0.49 |
| Unmarried (386) | 32.9 | 35.5 | 31.6 | 0.98 (0.7, 1.4) | |
| Divorced (68) | 27.9 | 32.4 | 39.7 | 1.45 (0.8, 2.8) | |
| Family Income (SAR/Month) | |||||
| <3000 (116) | 37.1 | 25.9 | 37.1 | 1.18 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.001 |
| 3001–9000 (104) | 42.3 | 31.7 | 26 | 0.73 (0.4, 1.3) | |
| 9001–15,000 (278) | 37.1 | 31.7 | 31.3 | Reference | |
| 15,001–21,000 (162) | 26.5 | 37.7 | 35.8 | 1.59 (0.9, 2.6) | |
| >21,000 (64) | 12.5 | 45.3 | 42.2 | 3.99 (1.7, 9.2) ** | |
| Education Level | |||||
| Secondary (165) | 40.6 | 34.5 | 24.8 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Graduate (429) | 36.8 | 34 | 29.1 | 1.29 (0.8, 2.0) | |
| Post-graduate (130) | 12.3 | 29.2 | 58.5 | 7.76 (3.9, 15.1) ** | |
Note: The data are presented as % of participants in each sub-group of knowledge score tertiles and socio-demographics. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by running a regression analysis showing the odds of having a kale knowledge score in the highest tertile (tertile 3) compared to the lowest tertile (tertile 1) in all subjects, males only and females only. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. * and ** represent p-values at <0.05 and <0.01 levels, respectively.